A Sucrose-Based Approach to Enantiomerically Pure Glycerol Derivatives

Abstract

Taking advantage of the same configuration present at C-5 and C-5′ in sucrose, 6,6′-diprotected sucrose derivatives were transformed into enantiomerically pure glycerol derivatives. This was achieved by oxidative ring cleavage of both the glucopyranosyl ring as well as the fructofuranosyl moiety followed by reduction of the resulting tetraaldehyde and subsequent per-O-protection of the resulting pentahydroxy compound. The obtained intermediate was hydrolysed under acidic conditions to furnish two equivalents of partially protected chiral glycerol derivative per molecule of starting material. The efficiencies of sodium metaperiodate and lead tetraacetate as oxidizing agents were compared and the side reactions observed in these procedures were investigated.     

Measurement of the polarization of positive muons produced in high-energy antineutrino interactions

The question whether scalar-type interactions contribute to weak interactions at large momentum transfer has been investigated by a measurement of the longitudinal polarization of positive muons produced in charged-current interactions of high-energy antineutrinos with iron. At an average momentum transfer <Q ²>=4 GeV² the muon spin is found to be oriented forward with respect to the muon momentum vector, with an average polarization of 1.10±0.24, consistent with positive helicity. A limit on scalar contributions of σ_{s, p}/σ_tot <7% at the 95% confidence level can be deduced. A search for violation of time reversal invariance which could manifest itself by a polarization component perpendicular to the muon production plane gave a limit of σ_tv/σ_tot <16% (95% c.l.). It is concluded that the weak leptonic charged current retains its dominant vector and axial vector structure at large momentum transfers.     

The effect of LH wave on the peripheral plasma of TM-1-MH tokamak

The work is devoted to the study of the LH wave effect on the peripheral plasma of the TM-1-MH tokamak. The observed enhancement of the ion saturated current in the limiter shadow is interpreted as heating of the peripheral ions by absorption of decay waves generated in this region due to the nonlinear wave-plasma interaction.     

Low-temperature spin-lattice relaxation of8Li in the glass Li2O·2SiO2

Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in Li₂0·2Si0₂ glass below 200 K has been studied using the asymmetric Β-decay radiation of polarized⁸Li (T_1/2=0.Bs) nuclei produced by capture of polarized neutrons. Transients of the⁸Li polarization follow an exp(?√E/T₁) law. The dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate ⊥_¯1 ¹ on temperature T and magnetic field B can roughly be described by T_¯1 ¹～T/B. The interpretation is based on the assumption that for⁸Li, contrary to⁷Li in the same glass, spin-diffusion is absent and that each probe nucleus is coupled by quadrupolar interaction to an individual distribution of nearby centres typical of glasses. The fluctuation of these centres causing relaxation may be induced by either a multi-phonon or a thermally activated motional process.     

Equisingular Deformations of Sandwiched Singularities

We relate the equisingular deformation theory of plane curve singularities and sandwiched surface singularities. We show the existence of a smooth map between the two corresponding deformation functors and study the kernel of this map. In particular we show that the map is an isomorphism when a certain invariant is large enough.     

Existence globale pour l'équation de Smoluchowski continue non homogène et comportement asymptotique des solutions

We prove global existence of solutions to the continuous nonhomogeneous Smoluchowski equation for coagulation rates satisfying a more general structure condition than the Galkin–Tupchiev monotony hypothesis considered in (Ph. Laurençot, S. Mischler, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 162 (1) (2002) 45–99). The Smoluchowski coagulation rate fulfils this condition as well as some rates which vanish on the diagonal. Under the condition of positivity of the coagulation rate outside of the diagonal we prove that solutions tend to 0 in the large time asymptotic. These results depend on a new estimate from below for the dissipation rate of the L^p-norm, p>1. To cite this article: S. Mischler, M. Rodriguez Ricard, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 336 (2003).     

An iterative procedure for differential analysis of gene expression

Microarrays are a popular technology to study genes that are differentially expressed between two conditions. In this Note, we propose an iterative procedure to determine the biggest subset of non-differentially expressed genes. We prove a pseudo Markov relationship that allows practical computations. We obtain explicit expressions for FDR and the level of the proposed test at each step. To cite this article: A. Bar-Hen, S. Robin, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 337 (2003).     

Compactly Supported Tight Affine Frames with Integer Dilations and Maximum Vanishing Moments

When a cardinal B-spline of order greater than 1 is used as the scaling function to generate a multiresolution approximation of L ²=L ²(R) with dilation integer factor M2, the standard matrix extension approach for constructing compactly supported tight frames has the limitation that at least one of the tight frame generators does not annihilate any polynomial except the constant. The notion of vanishing moment recovery (VMR) was introduced in our earlier work (and independently by Daubechies et al.) for dilation M=2 to increase the order of vanishing moments. This present paper extends the tight frame results in the above mentioned papers from dilation M=2 to arbitrary integer M2 for any compactly supported M-dilation scaling functions. It is shown, in particular, that M compactly supported tight frame generators suffice, but not M–1 in general. A complete characterization of the M-dilation polynomial symbol is derived for the existence of M–1 such frame generators. Linear spline examples are given for M=3,4 to demonstrate our constructive approach.