Double layer in ionic liquids: The nature of the camel shape of capacitance

Monte Carlo simulations of a model ionic liquid show that if ions have charged heads and neutral counterparts, the latter give rise to the camel shape of the voltage dependence of the double layer capacitance. Neutral ‘tails’ of ions play the role of latent voids that can be replaced by charged groups via rotations and translations of ions. This provides extra degrees of freedom for the field-induced charge rearrangements in the double layer which results in the peculiar double-hump capacitance profile.     

Electromagnetic field with induced massive term: Case with scalar field

We consider an interacting system of massless scalar and electromagnetic fields, with the Lagrangian explicitly depending on the electromagnetic potentials, i.e., interaction with broken gauge invariance. The Lagrangian for interaction is chosen in such a way that the electromagnetic field equation acquires an additional term, which in some cases is proportional to the vector potential of the electromagnetic field. This equation can be interpreted as the equation of motion of photon with induced nonzero rest-mass. This system of interacting fields is considered within the scope of Bianchi type-I (BI) cosmological model. It is shown that, as a result of interaction the isotropization process of the expansion takes place.     

Silica hybrid biomaterials containing gelatin synthesized by sol-gel method

This work reports the sol-gel synthesis of silica hybrids. We determined the effect of the type and quantity of silica precursors and organic compounds on the resulting structure, surface area, nanostructure design and size, and potential applications. The structure of the synthesized hybrids was analyzed using FT-IR, XRD, BET-Analysis, SEM, and AFM. We demonstrate the immovilization of whole living thermophilic bacterial cells with cyanocompound degradation activity in the synthesized silica hybrid biomaterials by entrapment, chemical binding, and adsorption.     

Sharp polynomial bounds on the number of scattering poles for metric perturbations of the Laplacian in ℝ n

Partially supported by Bulgarian Ministry of Science and Education under grant No. 52     

Sol–gel silica hybrid biomaterials for application in biodegradation of toxic compounds

The purpose of the present work is the sol–gel synthesis, structure characterization and potential application of hybrid biomaterials based on silica precursor (MTES) and natural polymers such as gelatin or pectin. The structure formation in the biomaterials was investigated by XRD, FTIR, BET and AFM. The results showed that all studied hybrid biomaterials have an amorphous structure. The FT-IR spectra of the obtained materials with MTES showed chemical bonds at 2,975, 1,255, 880 and 690 cm⁻¹ due to the presence of Si–O–R (CH₃ and C₂H₅) and Si–C bonds. In the samples synthesized with TEOS the inorganic and organic components interact by hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals or electrostatic forces. Surface area of investigated samples decreases with increasing of the natural polymers content. The structure evolution was studied by AFM and roughness analysis. Depending on the chemical composition a different design and size of particles and their aggregates on the surface structure were established. The hybrid biomaterials were used for immobilization of bacterial cells and applied in the biodegradation of the toxic compound 4-chlorobutyronitrile, possible constituent of waste water effluents in a laboratory glass bioreactor. Optimization of the process at different temperatures was carried out.     

Ice-mediated coating of macroporous cryogels by carbon nanotubes: a concept towards electrically conducting nanocomposites

Electrically conducting super-macroporous polymer/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites have been fabricated with the aid of cryogenic treatment. CNTs are selectively deposited onto the inner surface of interconnected polymer walls surrounding large air-filled pores. The present concept provides highly conducting nanocomposites at a very low nanotubes content.     

Influence of heat treatment on the phase transition of ZrMo<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>8</Subscript> and photocatalytic activity

ZrMo₂O₇(OH)₂·2H₂O was obtained from ZrOCl₂·2H₂O and Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O by a coprecipitation method. The phase and structural changes occurred during the heat-treatment of ZrMo₂O₇(OH)₂·2H₂O were investigated by XRD, IR and XPS analysis. The sequence of phase transformation can be divided into three stages: (1) transformation of ZrMo₂O₇(OH)₂·2H₂O to orthorhombic LT-ZrMo₂O₈ up to 300°C; (2) obtaining of mixture of both polymorphs of ZrMo₂O₈: cubic and trigonal at 400°C; (3) conversion to single trigonal (α) ZrMo₂O₈ above 450°C. The microstructure of the obtained trigonal (α) ZrMo₂O₈ was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particle sizes were below 0.5 μm. The specific surface area was measured by modified BET method. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained trigonal (α) ZrMo₂O₈ powders was investigated by degradation of a model aqueous solution of Malachite Green (MG) upon UV-light irradiation.     

Letter to the Editor

Journal of Nanoparticle Research -     

Derriswurzel Rotenon

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