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31.
We introduce and study Hopf monads on autonomous categories (i.e., monoidal categories with duals). Hopf monads generalize Hopf algebras to a non-braided (and non-linear) setting. In particular, any monoidal adjunction between autonomous categories gives rise to a Hopf monad. We extend many fundamental results of the theory of Hopf algebras (such as the decomposition of Hopf modules, the existence of integrals, Maschke's criterium of semisimplicity, etc.) to Hopf monads. We also introduce and study quasitriangular and ribbon Hopf monads (again defined in a non-braided setting). 相似文献
32.
In this paper, we study the central limit theorem and its weak invariance principle for sums of a stationary sequence of random
variables, via a martingale decomposition. Our conditions involve the conditional expectation of sums of random variables
with respect to the distant past. The results contribute to the clarification of the central limit question for stationary
sequences.
Magda Peligrad is supported in part by a Charles Phelps Taft research support grant at the Univeristy of Cincinnati and the
NSA grant H98230-05-1-0066. 相似文献
33.
Marc Chaperon Mathilde Kammerer-Colin De Verdière Santiago López De Medrano 《Comptes Rendus Mathematique》2006,342(5):301-305
Near partially elliptic rest points of generic families of vector fields or transformations, many types of normally hyperbolic invariant compact manifolds can appear, diffeomorphic to intersections of quadrics. To cite this article: M. Chaperon et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 342 (2006). 相似文献
34.
35.
Summary. In this paper we are interested in two phase flow problems in porous media. We use a Dual Mesh Method to discretize this
problem with finite volume schemes. In a simplified case (elliptic - hyperbolic system) we prove the convergence of approximate
solutions to the exact solutions. We use the Dual Mesh Method in physically complex problems (heterogeneous cases with non
constant total mobility). We validate numerically the Dual Mesh Method on practical examples by computing error estimates
for different test-cases.
Received March 21, 1997 / Revised version received October 13, 1997 相似文献
36.
Agnès Tourin 《Numerische Mathematik》1992,62(1):75-85
Summary The reconstruction from a shaded image of a Lambertian and not self-shadowing surface illuminated by a single distant pointwise light source may be written as a first-order Hamilton-Jacobi equation.In this paper, we continue the investigation begun in E. Rouy and A. Tourin into the uniqueness of the solution of this equation; the approach is based on the viscosity solutions theory and the dynamic programming principle.More precisely, we concentrate here on the uniqueness of the viscosity solution of this equation in case the measured luminous intensity reflected by the surface is discontinuous along a smooth curve. We prove a general comparison result for a piecewise Lipschitz continuous Hamiltonian and illustrate it by numerical experiments. 相似文献
37.
Hermann Grabert Gert-Ludwig Ingold Michel H. Devoret Daniel Estève Hugues Pothier Cristian Urbina 《Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter》1991,84(1):143-155
The rate of electron tunneling through normal metal tunnel junctions is calculated for the case of ultrasmall junction capacitances. The so-called Coulomb blockade of electron tunneling at low temperatures is shown to be strongly affected by the external electrical circuit. Under the common experimental condition of a low impedance environment the Coulomb blockade is suppressed for single tunnel junctions. However, a Coulomb gap structure emerges for junctions embedded in a high impedance environment. For a double junction setup a Coulomb blockade of tunneling arises even for low impedance environments due to the charge quantization on the metallic island between the junctions. An approach using circuit analysis is presented which allows to reduce the calculation of tunneling rates in multijunction circuits to those of a single junction in series with an effective capacitance. The range of validity of the socalled local rule and global rule rates is clarified. It is found that the tunneling rate tends towards the global rule rate as the number of junctions is increased. Some specific results are given for a one-dimensional array of tunnel junctions. 相似文献
38.
Arielle Milliet Georges Sozzi Henri E. Audier 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》1992,27(7):787-794
Radical cations derived from the ethers ROCH2CH2OR′ (R, R′ = H, CH3, C25) were studied, since β-distonic oxonium ions are often prepared from ionized ethers of glycol. The first step in the fragmentation is a 1,5-transfer of an α-hydrogen to oxygen of a terminal alkoxy group leading to a δ-distonic oxonium ion. This step is thermo-neutral and reversible in the ROCH2CH2OH radical cations and exothermic and irreversible in the dialkyl ether radical cations. Depending on R and R,′ these δ-distonic oxonium ions fragment by three reactions: the loss of an alcohol or a water molecule, the formation of a β-distonic oxonium ion ˙CH2CH2O(H)+R and a 1,4-H migration between carbon atoms. Competition between these processes is discussed. 相似文献
39.
G. Meillère 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1899,38(9-10):674-675
40.
The parameters that affect the shape of the band profiles of acido‐basic compounds under moderately overloaded conditions (sample size less than 500 nmol for a conventional column) in RPLC are discussed. Only analytes that have a single pKa are considered. In the buffer mobile phase used for their elution, their dissociation may, under certain conditions, cause a significant pH perturbation during the passage of the band. Two consecutive injections (3.3 and 10 μL) of each one of three sample solutions (0.5, 5, and 50 mM) of ten compounds were injected on five C18‐bonded packing materials, including the 5 μm Xterra‐C18 (121 Å), 5 μm Gemini‐C18 (110 Å), 5 μm Luna‐C18(2) (93 Å), 3.5 μm Extend‐C18 (80 Å), and 2.7 μm Halo‐C18 (90 Å). The mobile phase was an aqueous solution of methanol buffered at a constant WWpH of 6, with a phosphate buffer. The total concentration of the phosphate groups was constant at 50 mM. The methanol concentration was adjusted to keep all the retention factors between 1 and 10. The compounds injected were phenol, caffeine, 3‐phenyl 1‐propanol, 2‐phenyl butyric acid, amphetamine, aniline, benzylamine, p‐toluidine, procainamidium chloride, and propranololium chloride. Depending on the relative values of the analyte pKa and the buffer solution pH, these analytes elute as the neutral, the cationic, or the anionic species. The influence of structural parameters such as the charge, the size, and the hydrophobicity of the analytes on the shape of its overloaded band profile is discussed. Simple but general rules predict these shapes. An original adsorption model is proposed that accounts for the unusual peak shapes observed when the analyte is partially dissociated in the buffer solution during its elution. 相似文献