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51.
We consider a pricing and advertising dynamic-optimization problem where the goodwill dynamics evolve à la Nerlove–Arrow. The firm maximizes its profit over a finite-planning horizon corresponding to the product’s lifespan, and it turns out that the Hamiltonian is non-concave. We show the existence and uniqueness of an optimal solution under some mild conditions. 相似文献
52.
Intra‐ and inter‐supramolecular complexation of poly(butyl methacrylate)‐co‐2‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine copolymers induced by CoII,FeII, and EuIII ions monitored by molecular hydrodynamics methods
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Georges M. Pavlov Igor Perevyazko Bobby Happ Ulrich S. Schubert 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(16):2632-2639
Poly(butyl methacrylate) copolymers embedding bidentate 2‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine (trzpy) chelating units as comonomer in the side chains were synthesized by controlled radical addition‐fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Intracomplexation and intercomplexation of the macromolecules of the poly(butyl methacrylate) copolymers containing 20 % mol of trzpy units induced by CoII, FeII, and EuIII ions were studied in the solutions by macromolecular hydrodynamics methods. The sedimentation velocity of extremely diluted copolymer solutions and the dynamic viscosity of moderately diluted solutions were studied in a wide range of the salts concentrations. Differences were observed with respect to the copolymer behavior in the presence of the Co2+, Fe2+, Eu3+ ions. These differences are namely due to the differences in the number of coordination bonds required for complex formation and not explicitly to the nature of the corresponding anions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 2632–2639 相似文献
53.
54.
A magnetic balance was used for measuring the susceptibility of metals and alloys, in an atmosphere of purified argon, up to 1800°c. Comparison of the susceptibilities of liquid Fe, Co and Ni gives information on the liquid state. The changes in the susceptibilities of Ge, Sn and Te on melting are typical of semi-metallic elements and semiconductors, but their behaviour differs according to the degree of symmetry in the solid state. 相似文献
55.
We have had the chance to live through a fascinating revolution in measuring the fundamental empirical cosmological Hubble law. The key progress is analysed: (1) improvement of observational means (ground-based radio and optical observations, space missions); (2) understanding of the biases that affect both distant and local determinations of the Hubble constant; (3) new theoretical and observational results. These circumstances encourage us to take a critical look at some facts and ideas related to the cosmological red-shift. This is important because we are probably on the eve of a new understanding of our Universe, heralded by the need to interpret some cosmological key observations in terms of unknown processes and substances. 相似文献
56.
This Note deals with the modeling of a structure made of straight elastic rods whose thickness tends to 0. We show that, upon an adequate scaling, the infimum of the total elastic energy tends to the minimum of a functional which depends on fields defined on the centerlines of the rods. 相似文献
57.
Yvon Pointud Anne-Gaelle Valade Christelle Pointon Georges Jeminet Jose-Luis Beltran 《Supramolecular chemistry》2013,25(4):261-269
The binding abilities of a new class of 14-membered ring ligands bearing diketal dilactam functions were explored by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Their formation constants, determined in THF solution, showed appreciable complexation with divalent cations (stability order: Sr2+≥Ca2+>Zn2+≥Mg2+>Ba2+) whereas no association was observed with monovalent cations. The stoichiometry of the complexes formed was essentially 1:1 although sometimes a low percentage (<10%) of 1:2 (cation–ligand) species was detected. The corresponding formation constants determined by computation (STAR program) were in the range 1.5<log?β 11<4.8 and 4.4<log?β 12<7.1. They depend significantly on the nature of the substituents. In addition, solvent extractions carried out in a water–chloroform system showed the highest constants (log K ex) for the most substituted macrocycles 7b and 7c (norephedrine series) with a lipophilic skeleton. 相似文献
58.
An efficient one-step synthesis of 1,1-dipfienyl-1-silacyclopent-3-ene 1 is reported. 相似文献
59.
Matthew P. Conley Murielle F. Delley Georges Siddiqi Giuseppe Lapadula Sébastien Norsic Vincent Monteil Olga V. Safonova Christophe Copéret 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,126(7):1903-1907
The insertion of an olefin into a preformed metal–carbon bond is a common mechanism for transition‐metal‐catalyzed olefin polymerization. However, in one important industrial catalyst, the Phillips catalyst, a metal–carbon bond is not present in the precatalyst. The Phillips catalyst, CrO3 dispersed on silica, polymerizes ethylene without an activator. Despite 60 years of intensive research, the active sites and the way the first Cr C bond is formed remain unknown. We synthesized well‐defined dinuclear CrII and CrIII sites on silica. Whereas the CrII material was a poor polymerization catalyst, the CrIII material was active. Poisoning studies showed that about 65 % of the CrIII sites were active, a far higher proportion than typically observed for the Phillips catalyst. Examination of the spent catalyst and isotope labeling experiments showed the formation of a Si–(μ‐OH)–CrIII species, consistent with an initiation mechanism involving the heterolytic activation of ethylene at CrIII O bonds. 相似文献
60.
Supramolecular Complexes of Multivalent Cholesterol‐Containing Polymers to Solubilize Carbon Nanotubes in Apolar Organic Solvents
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Jules Zeuna Nguendia Weiheng Zhong Alexandre Fleury Guillaume De Grandpré Prof. Armand Soldera Prof. Ribal Georges Sabat Prof. Jerome P. Claverie 《化学:亚洲杂志》2014,9(5):1356-1364
Copolymers of 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) and cholesteryloxycarbonyl‐2‐hydroxymethacrylate (CEM) were prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Supramolecular complexes of these copolymers with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were soluble in THF, toluene, and isooctane. The colloidal solutions remained stable for months without aggregation. The rationale for the choice of CEM was based on the high adsorption energy of cholesterol on the CNT surface, as computed by DFT calculations. Adsorption isotherms were experimentally measured for copolymers of various architectures (statistical, diblock, and star copolymers), thereby demonstrating that 2–5 cholesterol groups were adsorbed per polymer chain. Once the supramolecular complex had dried, the CNTs could be easily resolubilized in isooctane without the need for high‐power sonication and in the absence of added polymer. Analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the CNTs were devoid of bundles. The supramolecular complexes could also be employed in an inverse emulsion polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) in isooctane and dodecane, thereby leading to the formation of a continuous polymeric sheath around the CNTs. Thus, this technique leads to the formation of very stable dispersions in non‐polar organic solvents, without altering the fundamental properties of the CNTs. 相似文献