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41.
42.
H. Henry Lamb Bruce C. Gates Helmut Knzinger 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1988,27(9):1127-1144
Metal carbonyls react on metal oxide surfaces to give a wide range of structures analogous to those of known compounds. The reactions leading to formation of surface-bound metal carbonyls are explained by known molecular organometallic chemistry and the functional group chemistry of the surfaces. The reaction classes include formation of acid-base adducts as the oxygen of a carbonyl group donates an electron pair to a Lewis acidic center; nucleophilic attack at CO ligands by basic surface hydroxyl groups or O2? ions; ion-pair formation by deprotonation of hydrido carbonyls to give carbonylate ions; interaction of bifunctional complexes with surface acid-base pair sites such as [Mg2⊕O2?]; and oxidative addition of surface hydroxyl groups to metal clusters. The reactions of surface-bound organometallic species include redox condensation and cluster formation on basic surfaces (paralleling the reactions in basic solution) as well as oxidation of mononuclear metal complexes and oxidative fragmentation of metal clusters by reaction with surface hydroxyl groups. Most supported metal carbonyls are unstable at high temperatures, but some, including osmium carbonyl cluster anions on the basic MgO surface, are strongly stabilized in the presence of CO and are precursors of catalysts for CO hydrogenation at 550 K. 相似文献
43.
The reaction products formed on clean evaporated lithium films exposed to acetylene gas under UHV conditions were examined with ultraviolet photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopies. Good agreement was obtained between the observed ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum and a spectrum simulated from ab initio calculations for C2Li2 in D2h symmetry. The components of the C(KW) Auger signal were also consistent with carbon being present as C2n? units (acetylide) rather than as carbonaceous aggregates or as monomeric carbon. The observed carbon AES structure was fit in good agreement by a simulation using experimental electronic binding energies and Auger transition intensities calculated for C2Li2. Saturation of the ultraviolet and Auger electron signals with increasing exposure to HC2H was not found, although thin films of lithium were slowly consumed on long exposure to acetylene. A loss of the reaction product from the interfacial region was indicated. Cluster models of acetylide on the (100) face of lithium, C2/Li8(6, 2)-(100), were used to investigate geometric arrangement of C2n? relative to lithium. The results show that acetylide resident in the interface below the first layer of lithiums of the model was energetically favored compared to C2n? resident on top of the first layer of lithium. The stability of this conformation was calculated to be further increased by a small expansion of lithiums near neighbor to C2Li2. The restructuring calculated for the model complements the absent saturation and suggests that C2n? units diffuse into the actual film via a local expansion. 相似文献
44.
For a permutation σ of the integers from 1 to n, let ?(σ) be the smallest number of prefix reversals that will transform σ to the identity permutation, and let ?(n) be the largest such ?(σ) for all σ in (the symmetric group) Sn. We show that , and that for n a multiple of 16. If, furthermore, each integer is required to participate in an even number of reversed prefixes, the corresponding function g(n) is shown to obey . 相似文献
45.
Dutta S Abe H Aoyagi S Kibayashi C Gates KS 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2005,127(43):15004-15005
Fasicularin is a structurally novel thiocyanate-containing alkaloid isolated from the ascidian Nephteis fasicularis. Early biological experiments suggested that this compound's cytotoxic properties may stem from its ability to damage cellular DNA. Sequence gel analysis reveals that treatment of a 5'-32P-labeled DNA duplex with fasicularin in pH 7.0 buffer causes strand cleavage selectively at guanine residues. Further experiments indicate that production of these base-labile lesions in DNA involves alkylation of guanine residues by a fasicularin-derived aziridinium ion. This work reveals fasicularin as the first natural product found to generate a DNA-alkylating aziridinium ion via a mechanism analogous to the clinically used anticancer drugs mechlorethamine, melphalan, and chlorambucil. 相似文献
46.
We investigate superspace geometry for supergravity with non-minimal auxilliary fields. We find that the kinematic constraints and the superspace Bianchi identities are sufficient to obtain complete component expansions of all superspace quantities, including the vielbein and connection superfields. We include a detailed pedagogical discussion on the analysis of constrained superspace Bianchi identities, demonstrating how these are used to derive component field content and transformation laws. We also note that local, chiral supersymmetry representations which form arbitrary representations of the Lorentz group can exist only within the context of supergravity with non-minimal auxilliary fields. 相似文献
47.
C. A. Cooper B. C. Gates R. L. McCullough J. C. Seferis 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1982,20(2):173-189
The activity of a solid, polymer-supported catalyst (a semicrystalline polyethylene film containing grafted, sulfonated styrene) was shown to be altered by cold drawing. The catalytic activity was measured by a test reaction, the dehydration of isopropyl alcohol to give propylene. Catalytic reaction rates were measured with variously drawn films clamped in a differential flow reactor operated at 100°C and 1 atm. The catalytic activity increased with the elongation of the polymer up to a draw ratio of 2.5; the activity decreased upon further drawing. The drawn films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical measurements, electron microscopy, birefringence, and density measurements. Since no evidence was found for the formation of surface sites by creation of microcracks, the changes in activity are attributed to modifications in the polymer structure induced by drawing. The kinetics of the catalytic reaction and the data giving percentage crystallinity and crystalline and amorphous orientation factors suggest that, in the undrawn polymer, the catalytically active ? SO3H groups form a hydrogen-bonded network, which is excluded from the crystalline regions. Initial elongation partially breaks up the network, allowing more ? SO3H groups to bond to alcohol and become catalytically engaged. Elongation beyond a draw ratio of 2.5 leads to a separation of ? SO3H groups greater than that required for the formation of the reaction intermediate, which involves the alcohol hydrogen bonded to several ? SO3H groups. The combined results of the catalytic kinetics experiments and structural characterizations imply that the preliminary deformation response of the semicrystalline polymer occurs predominantly within the noncrystalline regions and is accommodated by the rigid slip and tilting of crystal lamellae. The hydrogen bonding among the ? SO3H groups in the noncrystalline regions hinders lamellar breakup and suppresses the formation of highly aligned fibrillar morphologies. 相似文献
48.
Alpha-synuclein, the main protein component of fibrillar deposits found in Parkinson's disease, is intrinsically disordered in vitro. Site-specific information on the protein conformation has been obtained by biosynthetic incorporation of an unnatural amino acid, 5-fluorotryptophan (5FW), into the recombinant protein. Using fluorescence and 19F NMR spectroscopy, we have characterized three proteins with 5FW at positions 4, 39, and 94. Steady-state emission spectra (maxima at 353 nm; quantum yields approximately 0.2) indicate that all three indole side chains are exposed to the aqueous medium. Virtually identical single-exponential excited-state decays (tau approximately 3.4 ns) were observed in all three cases. Single 19F NMR resonances were measured for W4, W39, and W94 at -49.0 +/- 0.1 ppm. Our analysis of the spectroscopic data suggests that the protein conformations are very similar in the regions near the three sites. 相似文献
49.
Guaratini T Lopes NP Pinto E Colepicolo P Gates PJ 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2006,(39):4110-4112
We report here a general mechanism for the elimination of aromatic molecules from polyene containing natural products of several compound classes in tandem mass spectrometry. 相似文献
50.
Fierro-Gonzalez JC Kuba S Hao Y Gates BC 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2006,110(27):13326-13351
This article is a review of the physical characterization of well-defined site-isolated molecular metal complexes and metal clusters supported on metal oxides and zeolites. These surface species are of interest primarily as catalysts; as a consequence of their relatively uniform structures, they can be characterized much more precisely than traditional supported catalysts. The properties discussed in this review include metal nuclearity, oxidation state, and ligand environment, as well as metal-support interactions. These properties are determined by complementary techniques, including transmission electron microscopy; X-ray absorption, infrared, Raman, and NMR spectroscopies; and density functional theory. The strengths and limitations of these techniques are assessed in the context of results characterizing samples that have been investigated thoroughly and with multiple techniques. The depth of understanding of well-defined metal complexes and metal clusters on supports is approaching that attainable for molecular analogues in solution. The results provide a foundation for understanding the more complex materials that are typical of industrial catalysts. 相似文献