全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3629篇 |
免费 | 77篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2592篇 |
晶体学 | 30篇 |
力学 | 94篇 |
数学 | 486篇 |
物理学 | 526篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 33篇 |
2019年 | 37篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 64篇 |
2015年 | 57篇 |
2014年 | 62篇 |
2013年 | 185篇 |
2012年 | 175篇 |
2011年 | 216篇 |
2010年 | 103篇 |
2009年 | 82篇 |
2008年 | 211篇 |
2007年 | 216篇 |
2006年 | 191篇 |
2005年 | 179篇 |
2004年 | 184篇 |
2003年 | 144篇 |
2002年 | 136篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 36篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 39篇 |
1997年 | 45篇 |
1996年 | 57篇 |
1995年 | 52篇 |
1994年 | 54篇 |
1993年 | 42篇 |
1992年 | 34篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 34篇 |
1988年 | 45篇 |
1987年 | 45篇 |
1986年 | 41篇 |
1985年 | 76篇 |
1984年 | 54篇 |
1983年 | 54篇 |
1982年 | 66篇 |
1981年 | 56篇 |
1980年 | 61篇 |
1979年 | 41篇 |
1978年 | 36篇 |
1977年 | 40篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1975年 | 27篇 |
1974年 | 34篇 |
1973年 | 32篇 |
排序方式: 共有3728条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
Keiper JS Behles JA Bucholz TL Simhan R DeSimone JM Lynn GW Wignall GD Melnichenko YB Frielinghaus H 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(4):1065-1072
Anionic phosphodiester surfactants, possessing either two fluorinated chains (F/F) or one hydrocarbon chain and one fluorinated chain (H/F), were synthesized and evaluated for solubility and self-assembly in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide. Several surfactants, of both F/F and H/F types and having varied counterions, were found to be capable of solubilizing water-in-CO2 (W/C), via the formation of microemulsions, expanding upon the family of phosphate fluorosurfactants already found to stabilize W/C microemulsions. Small-angle neutron scatteringwas used to directly characterize the microemulsion particles at varied temperatures, pressures, and water loadings, revealing behavior consistent with previous results on W/C microemulsions. 相似文献
52.
A nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of the response of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers to a solvent shear flow is presented. Application of shear flow to planar, stationary DMPC bilayers results in a redistribution of the membrane density profile along the bilayer normal due to the alignment of the lipids in the direction of flow and an increase in average lipid chain length. An increase in the intermolecular and intramolecular order of the lipids in response to the shear flow is also observed. This study provides groundwork for understanding the mechanism of the full response of lipid bilayers to externally imposed solvent shear flows, beginning with the response in the absence of collective lipid motions such as undulations and bilayer flow. 相似文献
53.
Morphological and chemical characteristics of airborne tungsten particles of Fallon, Nevada. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paul R Sheppard Paul Toepfer Elaine Schumacher Kent Rhodes Gary Ridenour Mark L Witten 《Microscopy and microanalysis》2007,13(4):296-303
Morphological and chemical characteristics were determined for airborne tungsten particles in Fallon, Nevada, a town that is distinguishable environmentally by elevated airborne tungsten and cobalt. From samples of airborne dust collected previously at six different places in Fallon, tungsten-rich dust particles were isolated and analyzed with automated electron microprobe and wavelength-dispersive spectrometry. Representative W particles were further analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Morphologically, Fallon W particles are angular and small, with minimum and maximum sizes of < or = 1 microm and 5.9 microm in diameter, respectively. The number and size of tungsten-rich particles decrease in Fallon with distance from a hard-metal facility located near the center of town. Chemically, Fallon airborne W particles include mixtures of tungsten with cobalt plus other metals such as chromium, iron, and copper. No W-rich particles were identifiable as CaWO4 (scheelite) or MnWO4 (huebnerite). From d-spacings, Fallon particles are most consistent with identification as tungsten carbide. Based on these multiple lines of evidence, airborne W particles in Fallon are anthropogenic in origin, not natural. The hard-metal facility in Fallon processes finely powdered W and W-Co, and further investigation using tracer particles is recommended to definitively identify the source of Fallon's airborne tungsten. 相似文献
54.
Gary R. Burnett Gareth D. Rees David C. Steytler Brian H. Robinson 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2004,250(1-3):171-178
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has been successfully used to characterise water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions. The investigated systems were stabilised by sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl sulphosuccinate (AOT) and the measured diffusion times have been related to the radii of the aggregated species, which for some systems, were separately determined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). We demonstrate that FCS is capable of measuring hydrodynamic radii of microemulsions rapidly and at surfactant concentrations lower than previously reported for other techniques. FCS was also used to specifically interrogate microemulsion droplets containing a fluorescently-labelled biomolecule, specifically phalloidin, a peptide fungal toxin from Amanita phalloides, and the enzyme -chymotrypsin (-CT). The microemulsion droplets are only marginally increased in size if a small peptide (phalloidin) is included in the water phase, whereas the droplet size is significantly increased when a larger protein (-CT) is included. 相似文献
55.
Gary M. Coppola 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1983,20(5):1217-1221
N-Methylisatoic anhydride reacts with the lithium enolates of esters to produce β-ketoesters 4 in nearly quantitative yield. Thermal cyclization of these relatively unstable intermediates afford the corresponding 3-substituted-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinones (5) in good yields. The reaction of the lithium enolate of 5-methyl-4-hexenoic acid ethyl ester ( 14 ) with various nuclear substituted isatoic anhydrides gives 4-hydroxyl-methyl-3-prenyl-2(1H)-quinolinones 8, 9 , and 18 which are highly desirable intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of quinoline alkaloids. Treatment of 18 with DDQ furnishes oricine in 73% yield. 相似文献
56.
2-Propynamides react with aryl isocyanates in the presence of triethylamine to give 5-methylene-2,4-imidazolidinediones 5 in good yields. If the propynamide contains a terminal trimethylsilyl group, Z-trimethylsilylidenehydantoin ( 7 ) is produced. 相似文献
57.
Two points involving molecular structure have been investigated using mass spectrometry. First, mass spectra have been obtained that indicate a rapid means for differentiating bimolecular compounds from other structural isomers. Second, the mass spectrometric method has been used to evaluate bonding within bimolecular compounds. Quinone compounds have been reacted with dhydroxybenzene compounds to produce quinhydrone products, and upon mass spectrometric analysis, the quinhydrones decompose to regenerate derivatives of the starting materials. Evaluation of the decomposition products suggests that the hydroxyl hydrogens are involved in a resonance structure, and while in symmetrical quinhydrones, the hydroxyl hydrogens are probably associated equally with each reactant, unsymmetrical quinhydrones generate an unbalanced electronic distribution that eliminates the complete equivalency of the hydrogens. 相似文献
58.
Analytical solutions of the lattice Boltzmann BGK model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Analytical solutions of the two-dimensional triangular and square lattice Boltzmann BGK models have been obtained for the plane Poiseuille flow and the plane Couette flow. The analytical solutions are written in terms of the characteristic velocity of the flow, the single relaxation time , and the lattice spacing. The analytic solutions are the exact representation of these two flows without any approximation. Using the analytical solution, it is shown that in Poiseuille flow the bounce-back boundary condition introduces an error of first order in the lattice spacing. The boundary condition used by Kadanoffet al. in lattice gas automata to simulate Poiseuille flow is also considered for the triangular lattice Boltzmann BGK model. An analytical solution is obtained and used to show that the boundary condition introduces an error of second order in the lattice spacing. 相似文献
59.
60.