The nature of the structure difference between light and heavy water and the origin of the solvent isotope effect—I

The observed differences in heat content, entropy and free energy of light and heavy liquid water can be calculated within experimental error from measured infrared frequencies, using a model for water with tetrahedral hydrogen bonding and treating the hindered rotations (librations) of the water molecules as three-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillators. The origin of the solvent isotope effect for monatomic ions in light and heavy water is their effect on the structure difference between light and heavy water. The quantity Δθ = h Δν/k provides a measure of this structure difference, where Δν is ν−ν′, the difference in average values of the librational frequencies of H₂O and D₂O, and ν′=ν/1·3815. Differences in heat content, entropy and free energy for solution of monatomic ions in light and heavy water and individual ionic activity coefficients can be calculated from Δθ. Hydronium and hydroxide ions are also discussed.     

Crossover from positive to negative magnetoresistance in a spinel

We present a new class of colossal magnetoresistance materials based on a series of frustrated spinels. The spin glass-like compound Zn0.95Cu0.05Cr2Se4, shows a field-induced transition to a ferromagnetic, which is associated with a highly unusual negative magnetoresistance effect (MR > 80%) in low magnetic field. At higher temperatures there is an unprecedented crossover to positive magnetoresistance (MR > 50%).     

Quantum Lie algebras for B l, C l and D l

We give the quantum structure constants for the analogues of the classical Lie algebras so(n) and sp(n) for any n, as well as their quantum Killing form. We also include a summary of the method used to obtain them.     

Stability of travelling waves for non-convex scalar viscous conservation laws

Travelling waves of a viscous conservation law (so-called viscous profiles) are shown to be stable in polynomialy weighted L^∞ spaces. There is no assumption of convexity on the nonlinear term and thus earlier results of Il'in and Oleǐnik, Sattinger, and Kawashima and Matsumura are generalized. The method uses the semigroup of the linearized equation with solutions of the full problem expressed by the variation of constants formula. Estimates are derived for the semigroup through a new technique for estimating the resolvent. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.