Co-N/m-C高效催化空气下醇直接氧化成酯

酯类在有机合成中作为基础材料广泛地应用于精细化学品, 农用化学品, 药物等的生产中. 传统生产酯的方法需要用到羧酸, 酸酐, 酰卤或酮类, 并经过多步反应完成. 往往会造成原材料的浪费, 并伴随副产物的产生. 因此用醇代替酸或其衍生物与另一种醇反应直接氧化酯化合成相应的酯具有很大的经济意义. 目前已有基于贵金属(如钌, 钯和金)的将醇类直接氧化为酯类的催化剂的研究, 但是贵金属的价格及其有限的资源限制了其在实际生产中的应用. 从经济发展和环境保护的角度出发, 开发基于非贵金属的用于醇氧化酯化的催化剂有重要意义.近年来, 碳材料由于成本低? 稳定性高? 电化学性能优异的特点而广泛应用于材料? 化学催化和电化学催化等领域. 此外, 杂原子和金属的引入可以在一定程度上调节材料的组成, 电子结构和表面物理化学性质而进一步构建新的活性位点, 增强碳材料的催化性能. 另外, 由于多孔碳材料具有较大的比表面积和多样的孔结构, 作为催化剂载体比普通碳材料更优越, 使得底物更容易接触活性部位, 同时提高氧的传输能力. 然而, 活性钴物种因在热解过程中容易发生团聚而使原子催化效率降低. 因此设计和制备高分散且高效的催化剂对于实现醇氧化为酯有重要意义.钴基氮掺杂碳材料是一种有潜力的能将醇直接氧化到酯的经济, 高效, 环保的催化剂. 本文提出了一种方便, 快捷, 高效的醇直接氧化成酯的方法, 即利用直接热解大分子前驱体制备钴改性N掺杂介孔碳材料(Co-N/m-C), 用于醇直接氧化成酯反应中, 其中以900 oC下焙烧所制的催化剂活性最高. 该催化剂对于苯甲醇直接有氧氧化成苯甲酸甲酯反应的TOF值高达107.6 h?1, 远高于目前所报道的过渡金属基纳米催化剂的, 这得益于超分散钴物种与材料中吡啶氮之间的强配位作用及大的介孔比表面积. 对于不同结构的醇, 包括苄基醇, 烯丙基醇和杂环醇, 也能高收率地得到相应酯, 说明该催化剂具有普适性. 另外, Co-N/m-C-900催化剂经循环使用六次后没有显著的活性损失, 表明了该催化剂具有一定的稳定性.     

离子型共价有机框架材料的合成及其催化性能（英文）

共价有机框架(COFs)材料是在拓扑学基础上发展起来的一类新型有机晶体多孔聚合物.由于COFs材料具有较高的比表面积、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性、可设计的孔结构以及容易修饰改性的特点,目前广泛用作催化剂或催化剂载体.COFs的构筑单体为有机小分子,其来源广泛且种类繁多,使得构筑单体多样化,便于通过构筑单体来调控目标材料的结构和功能.近年来对COFs的研究已经引起人们广泛关注.离子框架材料在气体分子的吸附与分离领域展示了良好性能,通过简单的离子交换过程,可以容易地将具有特定尺寸和功能的反离子引入到框架结构中来调控孔的尺寸大小,从而实现混合气体的有效分离.然而,在催化领域目前尚未见将具有特定催化功能的反离子基团引入到框架之中,研究离子框架材料的催化性能.本文设计合成了一种负电荷为骨架结构的离子型COFs材料.我们首先选取一种化学结构稳定的COF作为骨架前驱体,其中的单体具有可反应的活性基团酚羟基,然后通过与1,3-丙烷磺酸内酯进行开环反应,将烷基磺酸引入到孔中,经过弱碱处理后得到阴离子型COFs(I-COFs),然后通过简单的离子交换过程将具有催化活性的Mn2+以及[Mn(bpy)2]2+配位阳离子分别引入到COFs框架中,得到具有催化功能的新材料.我们考察了两种I-COFs对烯烃氧化制环氧化合物的催化性能,发现所得离子COFs对不同的反应底物均展示了较高的环氧化催化性能.结果证实了离子I-COF催化反应为多相催化,还表现出I-COFs催化剂具有较高的稳定性以及循环使用性能.我们认为,通过简单的离子交换过程,能够赋予I-COFs材料各种不同的功能,从而实现COFs在不同领域的应用.这为多孔材料的功能化设计提供了新的化学平台.     

Chemical synthesis and structural analysis of guanylate cyclase C agonist linaclotide

Linaclotide and its D-enantiomer were obtained through Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis method and co-crystalized through racemic crystallization. The crystal structure showed that linaclotide has a tight, three-beta turns structure immobilized by three pairs of disulfide bonds.     

Non-metallic gold nanoclusters for oxygen activation and aerobic oxidation

In this review, oxygen activation and their aerobic oxidation over the Au nanoclusters are presented. The size-specificity, ligand engineering, and doping effects and the proposed reactions’ mechanism and the structure-activity relationships at the atomic level are also discussed.     

Determination of Malathion Using Corona Discharge – Ion Mobility Spectrometry with Solid-Phase Microextraction

A corona discharge (CD) ion mobility spectrometer combined with solid-phase microextraction was constructed. The detection limit and stability of the system for malathion detection were improved using a novel sample introduction port through which the sample desorption was performed in high-temperature drift tube and the sample was introduced directly to the ionization area. The working parameters of the distance between CD needle tip and carrier gas outlet, the drift tube and carrier gas temperature, the carrier gas flow, and the voltage on CD needle were selected. When the extraction time for standard malathion was set to 5?min, the detection limit was 0.96?µg?L^?1 based on thrice the baseline noise, the linear range was 50–500?µg?L^?1, the correlation coefficient was approximately 0.9941, and the relative standard deviation was below 10%. Malathion-spiked lake water samples were analyzed using the developed system and the recovery was 92–102%. This method is suitable for the rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues.     

Temperature‐Directed Biocatalysis for the Sustainable Production of Aromatic Aldehydes or Alcohols

The biosynthesis of aromatic aldehydes and alcohols from renewable resources is currently receiving considerable attention because of an increase in demand, finite fossil resources, and growing environmental concerns. Here, a temperature‐directed whole‐cell catalyst was developed by using two novel enzymes from a thermophilic actinomycete. Ferulic acid, a model lignin derivative, was efficiently converted into vanillyl alcohol at a reaction temperature at 30 °C. However, when the temperature was increased to 50 °C, ferulic acid was mainly converted into vanillin with a productivity of 1.1 g L^?1 h^?1. This is due to the fact that the redundant endogenous alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are not active at this temperature while the functional enzymes from the thermophilic strain remain active. As the biocatalyst could convert many other renewable cinnamic acid derivatives into their corresponding aromatic aldehydes/alcohols, this novel strategy may be extended to generate a vast array of valuable aldehydes or alcohols.     

Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy by Reduced Levels of Intracellular Glutathione Obtained By Employing a Nano‐MOF with CuII as the Active Center

In photodynamic therapy (PDT), the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the cell directly determines the therapeutic effect. Improvement in ROS concentration can be realized by reducing the glutathione (GSH) level or increasing the amount of photosensitizer. However, excessive amounts photosensitizer may cause side effects. Therefore, the development of photosensitizers that reduce GSH levels through synergistically improving ROS concentration in order to strengthen the efficacy of PDT for tumor is important. We report a nano‐metal–organic framework (Cu^II‐metalated nano‐MOF {CuL‐[AlOH]₂}_n (MOF‐2, H₆L=mesotetrakis(4‐carboxylphenyl)porphyrin)) based on Cu^II as the active center for PDT. This MOF‐2 is readily taken up by breast cancer cells, and high levels of ROS are generated under light irradiation. Meanwhile, intracellular GSH is considerably decreased owing to absorption on MOF‐2; this synergistically increases ROS concentration and accelerates apoptosis, thereby enhancing the effect of PDT. Notably, based on the direct adsorption of GSH, MOF‐2 showed a comparable effect with the commercial antitumor drug camptothecin in a mouse breast cancer model. This work provides strong evidence for MOF‐2 as a promising new PDT candidate and anticancer drug.     

Total Synthesis of Bryostatin 8 Using an Organosilane‐Based Strategy

Convergent total synthesis of bryostatin 8 has been accomplished by an organosilane‐based strategy. The C ring is constructed stereoselectively through a geminal bis(silane)‐based [1,5]‐Brook rearrangement, and the B ring through geminal bis(silane)‐based Prins cyclization, thus efficiently joining the northern and southern parts of the molecule.     

Dynamic Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence by Photoactivation

Smart materials with ultralong phosphorescence are rarely investigated and reported. Herein we report on a series of molecules with unique dynamic ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) features, enabled by manipulating intermolecular interactions through UV light irradiation. Our experimental data reveal that prolonged irradiation of single‐component organic phosphors of PCzT, BCzT, and FCzT under ambient conditions can activate UOP with emission lifetimes spanning from 1.8 to 1330 ms. These phosphors can also be deactivated back to their original states with short‐lived phosphorescence by UV irradiation for 3 h at room temperature or through thermal treatment. Additionally, the dynamic UOP was applied successfully for a visual anti‐counterfeiting application. These findings may provide unique insight into dynamic molecular motion for optical processing and expand the scope of smart‐response materials for broader applications.