Transient natural convection along vertical cylinder with Heat and Mass transfer

A numerical solution for the transient natural convection flow over a vertical cylinder under the combined buoyancy effect of heat and mass transfer is presented. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, local and average skin-friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are shown graphically. It is observed that time taken to reach steady state increases with Schmidt number and decreases as combined buoyancy ratio parameter N increases. Stability and convergence of the finite difference scheme are established. Received on 8 July 1997     

Development and validation of a HPLC method for quantification of rivastigmine in rat urine and identification of a novel metabolite in urine by LC‐MS/MS

A sensitive, specific and accurate HPLC method for the quantification of rivastigmine (RSM) in rat urine was developed and validated. The method involves the simple liquid–liquid extraction of RSM and pyridostigmine as an internal standard (IS) from rat urine with tertiary methyl butyl ether. The chromatographic separation of RSM and IS was achieved with 20 mm ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6.5) and acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) delivered at flow‐rate of 1 mL/min on a Kromasil KR‐100. The method was in linear range from 50 to 5000 ng/mL. The validation was done as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of RSM in rat urine. Besides method validation, we have identified two metabolites of RSM in urine. Both the metabolites were characterized by HPLC‐PDA and LC‐MS/MS and it was found that one metabolite is novel. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Studies on the effect of titanium addition on LiCoO2

The lithiated transition metal oxide has been used as the cathode materials for lithium ion rechargeable batteries. Among the various cathode materials, LiCoO₂ has been widely used. There are lot of reports on the substituted LiCoO₂ replacing small amount of Cobalt with other transition and nontransitional metals. Here, we focus on to a tetravalent transition metal atom such as titanium, as an addition in LiCoO₂ and studied its performance. The titled cathode material was synthesized by solid-state reaction method. Thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and particle size analysis were carried out to assess the effect of addition of titanium on LiCoO₂. Electrochemical studies were carried out by cyclic voltammetry and life cycle analyzer.     

Lattice parameter and thermal expansion of CsCl and CsBr by x-ray powder diffraction. II. Thermal expansion of CsBr from room temperature to 78.2 °K

The lattice parameters of CsBr at eight different temperatures from room temperature to 78.2 °K were measured and the true lattice parameters were obtained by the least squares method using the Nelson-Riley extrapolation function. Using these parameters the thermal expansion coefficients of CsBr were estimated at each temperature by fitting them into a cubic polynomial involving temperatureT. Theα _T thus obtained were compared with the values of earlier workers who used an interferometric technique and the agreement was found to be good.     

Interactions between polymer-grafted particles and bare particles for biocompatibility applications

We use self-consistent field theory (SCFT) to study the interactions between a polymer-grafted spherical particle and a bare spherical particle and explore how these interaction energies depend on the radii of the two particles and the grafting density. We find that the magnitude of the interaction energies increases with the radii of both the grafted and bare particles and with increasing grafting density. We also find a universal scaling law for the interaction potential which exhibits a power-law dependence on both particle sizes, a linear dependence on grafting density, and a logarithmic dependence on interparticle distance with a range of interaction that scales with brush height. We compare our numerical results to those obtained using the Derjaguin approximation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2566–2577, 2009     

An accurate finite element scheme with moving meshes for computing 3D‐axisymmetric interface flows

An accurate finite element scheme for computing 3D‐axisymmetric incompressible free surface and interface flows is proposed. It is based on the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) approach using free surface/interface‐resolved moving meshes. Key features like the surface force, consisting of surface tension and the local curvature, and jumps in the density and viscosity over different fluid phases are precisely incorporated in the finite element formulation. The local curvature is approximated by using the Laplace–Beltrami operator technique combined with a boundary approximation by isoparametric finite elements. A new approach is used to derive the 3D‐axisymmetric form from the variational form in 3D‐Cartesian coordinates. Several test examples show the high accuracy and the robustness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.