An improved method of energy calibration for position-sensitive silicon detectors

Energy calibration of resistive charge division-based position-sensitive silicon detectors is achieved by parabolic fitting in the traditional method, where the systematic variations of vertex and curvature of the parabola with energy must be considered. In this paper we extend the traditional method in order to correct the fitting function, simplify the procedure of calibration and improve the experimental data quality. Instead of a parabolic function as used in the traditional method, a new function describing the relation of position and energy is introduced.The energy resolution of the 8.088 Me V α decay of213 Rn is determined to be about 87 ke V(FWHM), which is better than the result of the traditional method, 104 ke V(FWHM). The improved method can be applied to the energy calibration of resistive charge division-based position-sensitive silicon detectors with various performances.     

Biomimetic Extreme-Temperature- and Environment-Adaptable Hydrogels

Recently, temperature-resistant hydrogels, hydrogels which are freezing- and dehydration-resistant, have garnered considerable attention in the scientific community as they extend the rage of application of hydrogels to arid and/or cold environments. Besides, these hydrogels exhibit tunable conductivity and mechanical performance while offering excellent biocompatibility and flexibility, making them interesting candidates for flexible and wearable electronics and (bio)sensors. Several biomimetic strategies were developed to fabricate anti-freezing and anti-dehydration hydrogels with a diversity of merits, such as high strain resistance and conductivity, even at sub-zero temperatures, and employed as (bio)sensors, electrodes, and energy-storage devices. This review summarizes the recent advances in the preparation and application of temperature-resistant hydrogels, indicates issues of the state-of-the-art hydrogels, and offers potential future research directions.     

Phosphorous acid promoted isomerization of propargyl alcohols to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds

A metal-free and two-phase protocol for the Meyer-Schuster isomerization of propargyl alcohols to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been achieved in the presence of stoichiometric phosphorous acid aqueous solution, which produces the desired products in high yields with excellent stereoselectivity. Compared with the traditional methods, the procedure features broad scope of the substrates, mild conditions, and easy separation, providing an appealing alternative to the Meyer-Schuster reaction.     

Substituent effects on the isomerization of hydrazone switches driven by the intramolecular hydrogen bond

In this work, the substituent effects on hydrogen bonding in one kind of hydrazone-based switch are revealed. The E/Z isomerization ratios of these hydrazones and their intramolecular hydrogen bond strengths in the Z form were evaluated using NMR technique. Linear correlations between these parameters and Hammett empirical values for substituent effects are explored as well.     

低温工况甲烷最小点火能实验研究

为探索低温工况下甲烷的爆炸特性,利用自行构建的实验装置,测试了温度为-90~0 ℃、压力为0.1~0.5 MPa的条件下甲烷的最小点火能。研究表明:在研究范围内,随着压力的升高,甲烷的最小点火能减小,且低压时甲烷最小点火能随初始压力的增高减小较快,高压时减小较慢;随着温度的升高,甲烷最小点火能也减小,且低压时甲烷最小点火能随初始温度的增高减小较快,高压时减小较慢;甲烷的最小点火能分别与压力平方的倒数、温度的倒数呈近似线性关系。     

Analytical/experimental investigation of energy absorption in grid-stiffened composite structures under transverse loading

In this paper we summarize preliminary results from an analytical/experimental study of the energy absorption characteristics of grid-stiffened composite structures under transverse loading. Tests and quasi-static finite element analysis simulations were carried out for isogrid E-glass/polypropylene panels in three-point bending. The results of the tests and simulations show that these types of structures have excellent damage tolerance and that most of the energy absorption occurs beyond initial failure. It is also observed that even though the peak load is greater for loading on the skin side, the specific energy absorption and the range of displacements over which energy is absorbed are significantly better when the load is applied on the rib side.     

基于能量法的多轴疲劳寿命预测方法

多轴疲劳寿命预测对于确保工程构件的安全性及经济性具有重要意义,其中损伤参量的选取对于预测结果的精度具有关键影响作用.Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT)能量参数是目前常用的损伤参量,但由于仅考虑了拉伸应变能对材料损伤的贡献,因此其常做出偏于危险的预测结果.针对此问题,Glinka及Chen-Xu-Huang (CXH)能量参数被相继提出.然而试验验证表明:Glinka参数通常仅适用于以剪切型失效为主要失效模式的材料,CXH参数则易给出过于保守的预测结果.为提高SWT参数对各种材料与加载路径的适用性,论文在评估Glinka及CXH参数的基础上,提出了两个修正的SWT能量参数,并建立起了一个统一的多轴疲劳寿命预测模型.针对不同的疲劳失效形式,所提出的能量参数不仅可考虑平均应力效应,且可同时包括临界面上不同加载方向对材料损伤的影响.通过六种材料的多轴疲劳试验数据对新模型、SWT模型、Glinka模型及CXH模型进行了验证,结果显示新模型比其他三种模型具有更好的寿命预测精度及稳定性.     

含力磁屈服区的压磁材料硬币型裂纹问题研究

本文利用Hankel 变换及Copson 求解方法,得到了在无穷远处磁荷载以及对称力荷载作用下的无限大压磁材料中,硬币型裂纹在裂纹尖端含有环状力磁双屈服区情况下的相关解析解．本文考虑了磁屈服区尺寸小于、大于、等于力屈服区尺寸的三种情况．结果表明：屈服区尺寸不仅与外荷载及材料常数相关,更与力磁屈服区尺寸的相对大小有关;其中,较大尺寸的屈服区仅受同性质单一荷载影响,与材料常数无关;而较小尺寸屈服区受力磁两荷载与材料常数共同影响;裂纹张开位移、磁势跳变均沿裂纹面径向增大而减小;裂尖张开位移、裂尖磁势跳变与材料常数相关,且随外荷载增大而增大．     

截锥形弹体在液体介质中运动速度衰减规律分析

水面舰船被动防护体系中液舱的主要功能之一是阻止高速弹体（爆炸破片）对内部重要结构、设备和人员的威胁,高速弹体打击液舱的过程包含着复杂的能量传递与耗散。为了分析弹体形状对其在液体介质中运动速度衰减的影响, 开展了一系列不同头形因数的截锥形弹体在不同入水速度下弹体垂直侵彻液体介质过程的数值模拟,得到了垂直侵彻液体介质时弹体速度衰减特性,发现高速弹体在液体介质中运动的阻力因数与弹体形状和无量纲速度有关。基于对系列数值模拟计算结果的拟合分析,提出了计及头形因数的截锥形弹体 垂直侵彻液体介质时的速度衰减经验公式,通过开展数值算例分析验证了公式计算结果的可靠性。本文中提出的经验公式可实现对高速弹体在液体介质中速度衰减的准确快速计算,为舰船防护液舱结构设计提供一定的参考。