Cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of syn-2-picolyl phenyl and syn-2-quinaldyl phenyl ketoximes

Summary The syn-2-picolyl phenyl ketoxime (HL₁) and the syn-2-quinaldyl phenyl ketoxime (HL₂) give [M(HL)LX], [M(HL)₂X₂] and [ML] solid complexes (M=Co, Ni and Cu; X=Cl^–, Br^– and NO ₃ ^– which have been characterized by elemental analysis, room temperature magnetic moments and electronic and i.r. spectral measurements.     

Reaction of 2-carboxy-1-methylindole-3-acetic acid anhydride with amines and with S-methylisothiosemicarbazide

2-Carboxy-1-alkylindole-3-acetic acid anhydrides (I) condensed with S-methylisothiosemicarbazide in DMF to form 5,11-dihydro-6-methyl-2-methylthioindolo[3′,2′:4,5]pyrido[1,2-b]-s-triazol-5-one (II). Compound II underwent ring opening on refluxing with sodium hydroxide solution to give IV. The anhydride I reacted with primary amines in benzene to give 2-carboxy-1-alkylindole-3-acetanilide derivatives (VI) which yielded l-methylindole-3-acetic acid by decarboxylation followed by hydrolysis. Compound II oxidised to the diketo compound X which could be prepared by the hydrolysis of the azomethine derivative IX with acetic acid-hydrochloric acid mixture. Compound II reacted with benzyl chloride to yield the dibenzyl derivative XII, condensed with p-chlorobenzaldehyde to form the 11-p-chlorobenzylidene derivative XI and coupled with arenediazonium salt to give the 11-arylhydrazone derivatives XIII.     

Dielectric Properties of Hyperbranched Polyesteramide with Long Alkyl Chain End Groups

Summary: Hyperbranched polyesteramides were prepared using phethalic anhydride (Ph An) or maleic anhydride (M An) as an A₂ monomer and diethanol amine (DEA) as B′B₂ monomer. Bulk condensation technique was used to synthesize polymers with both OH and modified polymers with long alkyl chain end groups. The prepared polymers were characterized using ¹H-NMR, FTIR and TGA. Solution viscosity for hyperbranched polyester amide with hydroxyl end groups was measured as well. Dielectric and electric properties of the modified samples were investigated over a range of frequency and temperatures. No relaxation peak is noticed in the dielectric spectrum ε(ν) at various temperatures. The illustration of the imaginary part of the electric modulus M″ versus frequency shows a peak which is shifted towards higher frequency in increasing temperature.     

Synthesis,characterization and metal chelating properties of silica-physisorbed and chemisorbed-2,5-dioxypiperazine

2,5-Dioxypiperazine (DOPZ) was covalenty bonded as a chelating compound to chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (Si–Cl) for the formation of a new chemisorbed silica [Si–(CH₂)₃–DOPZ]. Physisorbed silica-loaded-2,5-dioxypiperazine [Si–DOPZ] was also synthesized via a physical adsorption approach. Elucidation of the chemisorption and physisorption of 2,5-dioxypiperazine onto silica was confirmed on the basis of 70 eV electron impact mass spectrometric (70 eV EI-MS) mode of ionization via a direct insertion probe (DIP) as a promising technique for providing characteristic fragment ion peaks. The metal probe testing method and elemental analysis were applied to determine the surface coverage values and these were found to be 0.179 and 0.160 mmol g⁻¹ for [Si–(CH₂)₃–DOPZ] and 0.251 mmol g⁻¹ for [Si–DOPZ]. [Si–(CH₂)₃–DOPZ] was characterized by high stability in acidic and buffer solutions, pH 1–7, compared to [Si–DOPZ]. Differential scanning calorimetry studies (DSC) for the modified silica were performed to evaluate the various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the thermal degradation processes, and these have been enumerated. The results obtained by both EI-MS and DSC are very similar in many respects. Metal chelation and stoichiometric properties of chemically modified silica were evaluated on the basis of the metal binding capacity, distribution coefficient and separation factor for a series of metal ions. The evaluated results refer to the high metal chelating properties of [Si–(CH₂)₃–DOPZ] for cadmium(II), lead(II) copper(II) and mercury(II). These four [Si–(CH₂)₃–DOPZ]–metal complexes were also synthesized and the identified stoichiometric ratios were found to be 1:2 based on the nitrogen and metal analysis. EI-MS via 70-eV ionization was also used as a potential method for further confirmation of the metal complex formation based on structure and fragmentation elucidation. DSC studies of these four metal complexes were also performed and evaluated.     

Copper(II) complexation with 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole in 7 M HCl

The complexation of copper(II) with 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole in 7 M HCl was potentiometrically studied. The compositions of complexes were determined, and their stepwise formation constants were calculated. The complexes were shown to become less stable with increasing temperature. The thermodynamic functions of complexation were estimated. The copper complexes were shown to surpass the rhenium complexes in stability.     

Benzotriazole-assisted thioacylation

[Chemical reaction: See text] Benzotriazole reagents for thioacylation (RCSBt), thiocarbamoylation (RR'NCSBt), aryl/alkoxythioacylation (ROCSBt), and aryl/alkylthiothioacylation (RSCSBt) are synthesized, and their utility is assessed by syntheses of representative heteroaryl thioureas 3a-g, thioamides 15a-s, thionoesters 16a-h, thiocarbamates 17a-e, dithiocarbamates 18a-d, thiocarbonates 19a-c, and dithiocarbonates 20a-c.     

On Toeplitz operators similar to unilateral shifts

Let T be a Toeplitz operator on the Hardy space H² on the unit circle, and let the symbol of T be of the form ϕ/ψ, where ϕ is an inner function, ψ is a finite Blaschke product, and deg ψ ≤ deg ϕ. D. N. Clark proved that such an operator T is similar to an isometry. In this paper, we find necessary and sufficient conditions under which such an operator T is similar to a unilateral shift. Bibliography: 20 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 345, 2007, pp. 85–104.     

One‐pot PTC synthesis of polyfused pyrazoles

Thienopyrazole 2 , 3 , 5 , or 6 and thienopyrazolothiazepine 7, 9 , and 11 derivatives were prepared via the reaction of the 3‐aminopyrazoline‐5‐one 1 with CS₂ and different molar ratio of a variety of halo compounds having an active methylene under PTC conditions. Also, treatment of 1 with CS₂ and alcoholic KOH in 2:1:1 molar ratio afforded dipyrazolopyridine derivatives 12 and 14 . On other hand, the pyrazolothiadiazineone derivative 13 was obtained by treating compound 1 with CS₂ and alcoholic KOH in 1:2:2 molar ratio. Under PTC conditions, compound 1 , CS₂, and ethyl cyanoacetate or malononitrile to gave the pyrazolopyridine derivatives 16 and 17 . Coupling of compound 1 with diazonium acetates afforded the hydrazone derivatives 18a,b , which were oxidized with bromine to give pyrazolotriazoles 19a,b or cyclized with aldehydes to give pyrazolotriazine derivatives 20a–e . Bromination of compound 1 afforded monobromopyrazole derivative 21 , which could be condensed to a dipyrazolopyrazindione 23 . Finally, the dibromopyrazole derivative 22 was cyclized with 2‐mercaptoethanol or o‐phenylenediamine to give the spiropyrazoles 24a,b . © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:211–217, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10129     

Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities of Indian Camphorweed (Pluchea indica): A Multi-Potential Medicinal Plant of Nutritional and Ethnomedicinal Importance

Pluchea indica (L.) Less. (Asteraceae) commonly known as Indian camphorweed, pluchea, or marsh fleabane has gained great importance in various traditional medicines for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. It is utilized to cure several illnesses such as lumbago, kidney stones, leucorrhea, inflammation, gangrenous and atonic ulcer, hemorrhoids, dysentery, eye diseases, itchy skin, acid stomach, dysuria, abdominal pain, scabies, fever, sore muscles, dysentery, diabetes, rheumatism, etc. The plant or its leaves in the form of tea are commonly used for treating diabetes and rheumatism. The plant is a rich source of calcium, vitamin C, dietary fiber, and β-carotene. Various biomolecules have been isolated from P. indica, including thiophenes, terpenes, quinic acids, sterols, lignans, phenolics, and flavonoids. The current review reports detailed information about the phytoconstituents and pharmacological relevance of P. indica and the link to its traditional uses. The reported studies validated the efficacy and safety of P. indica, as well as supported its traditional uses for treating various ailments and promoting health and well-being. Thus, this could encourage the development of this plant into a healthy food supplement or medicine for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. However, further studies on the drug interactions, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and metabolism, as well as clinical trials, should be carried out.     

The Healing Capability of Clove Flower Extract (CFE) in Streptozotocin-Induced (STZ-Induced) Diabetic Rat Wounds Infected with Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Treatment of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is of great challenge as it is shown to be infected by multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR bacteria). Sixty four bacterial isolates were isolated from DFU cases; antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out for all of them. One bacterial isolate (number 11) was shown to resist the action of 8 out of 12 antibiotics used and was identified by both a Vitek-2 system and 16S rRNA fingerprints as belonging to Proteus mirabilis, and was designated Proteus mirabilis {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LC587231","term_id":"1917123988"}}LC587231 (P. mirabilis). Clove flower extract (CFE) inhibited distinctively the P. mirabilis bacterium obtained. GC-MS spectroscopy showed that this CFE contained nine bioactive compounds. The effect of CFE on wound healing of Type 1 diabetic albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) was studied. The results indicated that topical application of CFE hydrogel improved wound size, wound index, mRNA expression of the wound healing markers (Coli1, MMP9, Fibronectin, PCNA, and TGFβ), growth factor signaling pathways (PPAR-α, PGC1-α, GLP-1, GLPr-1, EGF-β, EGF-βr, VEGF-β, and FGF-β), inflammatory cytokine expression (IL8, TNFα, NFKβ, IL1β, and MCP1), as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL4 & IL10), pro-apoptotic markers (FAS, FAS-L, BAX, BAX/BCL-2, Caspase-3, P53, P38), as well as an antiapoptotic one (BCL2). Furthermore, it improved the wound oxidative state and reduced the wound microbial load, as the cefepime therapy improved the wound healing parameters. Based on the previous notions, it could be concluded that CFE represents a valid antibiotics alternative for DFU therapy since it improves diabetic wound healing and exerts antibacterial activity either in vitro or in vivo.