Alachlor removal performance of Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 anodes prepared from ionic liquid solution

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Electrochemical processes have a considerable impact on the treatment of contaminated water and wastewater, since water reuse is becoming increasingly...     

Anion⋅⋅⋅Anion Interactions Involving σ-Holes of Perrhenate,Pertechnetate and Permanganate Anions

In this communication experimental and theoretical results are reported affording strong evidence that interactions between electron rich atoms and the metal of tetroxide anions of group 7 elements are a new case of attractive and σ-hole interactions. Single crystal X-ray analyses, molecular electrostatic potentials, quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules, and noncovalent interaction plot analyses show that in crystalline permanganate and perrhenate salts the metal in Mn/ReO₄⁻ anion can act as electron acceptors, the oxygen of another Mn/ReO₄⁻ anion can act as the donor and supramolecular anionic dimers or polymers are formed. The name matere bond (MaB) is proposed to categorize these noncovalent interactions and to differentiate them from the classical metal-ligand coordination bond.     

Microcavity‐Stabilized Quantum Cascade Laser

Narrow‐linewidth lasers are key elements in optical metrology and spectroscopy. Spectral purity of these lasers determines accuracy of the measurements and quality of collected data. Solid state and fiber lasers are stabilized to relatively large and complex external optical cavities or narrow atomic and molecular transitions to improve their spectral purity. While this stabilization technique is rather generic, its complexity increases tremendously moving to longer wavelenghts, to the infrared (IR) range. Inherent increase of losses of optical materials at longer wavelengths hinders realization of compact, room temperature, high finesse IR cavities suitable for laser stabilization. In this paper, we report on demonstration of quantum cascade lasers stabilized to high‐Q crystalline mid‐IR microcavities. The lasers operating at room temperature in the 4.3‐4.6 μm region have a linewidth approaching 10 kHz and are promising for on‐chip mid‐IR and IR spectrometers.

     

Orbital Tubes

A novel graphical presentation is proposed to convey information about relevant dynamic phenomena and behaviour of a rotor. The orbital tube is a three-dimensional plot in which the orbits are stacked in the third dimension at various rotating speeds. It may be conveniently used to represent and analyse data obtained from analytical, numerical and experimental means. Some illustrating examples are reported.     

The impact behavior of polyethylene: A new vista

Recent advances in the analysis of the fracture behavior of polyethylene have been reviewed specifically to establish the nature and extent of morphological changes. It has been shown that in the case of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), reorganization and orientation of lamellae occur in the shear lips region, the pattern being influenced by differences in molecular structure. Crazes, on the other hand, are characterized by the presence of voiding, with no significant effect on the original morphology.     

Theory of the thermal magnetocapacitance of multicomponent silicate glasses at low temperature

An explanation is put forward for the early findings of Zeller and Pohl (, Phys. Rev. B, 4, 2029) and, in particular, Stephens (, Phys. Rev. B, 13, 852), and then for the more comprehensive recent findings of Meißner and Strehlow () for the anomalous magnetic-field-dependent behaviour of the heat capacity of some multicomponent glasses at low temperature (0.1?<?T?<?4?K) and in weak-to-moderate fields (0?<?B?<?8T). An essential new ingredient of this theory, together with the standard two-level system approach for cold glasses, is a multi-minima local potential for the quantum motion of metallic ions between near-degenerate wells, separated by relatively shallow barriers. Taking the tunneling entities as independent and assuming a novel probability distribution for the parameters of the multi-welled potential, an expression for the heat capacity C(T,B) is obtained with features that match rather well the reported unusual experimental data for the glasses. The indication coming from this theory for the data available is that the entities involved in tunnelling are nanoclusters of coherent ions.     

X-ray Analysis of Chiral Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Copolyesters Based on Linear and Nonlinear Aromatic Ester Triads

A series of chiral thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters, based on linear mesogenic triads and nonlinear nonmesogenic triads consisting of two p-oxybenzoyl units coupled by a terephthaloyl or phthaloyl residue respectively, is studied by X-ray diffraction. Complementary data of differential calorimetry and polarizing microscopy are presented. The degree of crystallinity is found to depend significantly on the relative content of the nonlinear counit and to vary with thermal history. The occurrence of cholesteric phases is established, whose stability and breadth can be modulated on the basis of appropriate chemical compositions. The structural data of the investigated copolymer samples are compared with those previously obtained for an analogous series of copolymer samples based on the same linear aromatic triad and an isomeric triad containing a central isophthaloyl residue.

Keywords: liquid crystalline polymers, chiral thermotropic polymers, cholesteric copolyesters, 4,4'-(terephthaloyldioxy)dibenzoate mesogen, X-ray diffraction     

Green synthesis of 1,3-diynes from terminal acetylenes under solvent-free conditions

Herein, we report the microwave-assisted synthesis of 1,3-diynes from terminal acetylenes, catalyzed by CuI and tetramethylethylenediamine, in the presence of air as the oxidant, at 100 °C for only 10 min under solvent-free conditions. This efficient methodology allowed the homocoupling of several terminal alkynes in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, the same protocol was also applicable for the synthesis of some unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes through the cross-coupling reaction.