Comparison of two alternative approaches to quality STEM teacher preparation: Fast‐track licensure and embedded residency programs

Alternative pathways to teaching licensure were developed to address teacher shortages. These programs differ widely, making it difficult to generalize the effects. This study compares the impact of two alternative licensure programs on the development of fundamental elements of science teacher preparation and persistence. The fast‐track programs include a 6‐month teacher preparation program and a one‐year residency teacher preparation program. The study concluded that licensure type was unassociated with the impact on teaching self‐efficacy, beliefs about teacher‐focused/student‐focused teaching, preferences for inquiry instructional practices, and experiences with student misbehavior. However, the study revealed that licensure type was associated with a number of other variables: residency students had more confidence in their ability to provide quality instruction; preferred inquiry‐based instruction more often; and may be better prepared for the high‐needs classroom. Those in the 6‐month program were more likely to score higher on practical versus theoretical approaches to teaching, and while they had a more realistic idea of how to measure success in the high‐needs classroom, the residency students had more knowledge of educational theory and how to apply it. Findings suggest that more traditionally licensed teachers may be more inclined to use inquiry‐based methods suggested in current reforms.     

Electrochemical measurement of switchable hydrogen bonding in an anthraquinone-based anion receptor

The electrochemistry of a novel anion receptor is presented. The receptor 1,3-diphenylcarboxamidoanthraquinone (AAR) in the absence of an appropriate anion behaves as an anthraquinone system in the presence of a strong hydrogen bond donor. In this case, the electrochemical evidence supports the suggestion that the hydrogen bonding with the anthraquinone occurs at least partially through intra- or intermolecular interactions. It is suggested that these interactions stabilise both the semiquinone and dianion species resulting from reduction of AAR. However, in the presence of a suitable competitive anion (specifically F⁻), the hydrogen-bond donor groups bind to the anion rather than the quinone oxygen atoms. This removes the hydrogen bonding interaction to the redox-active quinone centre and hence alters the electrochemistry significantly. In the presence of F⁻, two one-electron quasireversible electrochemical processes are observed.     

29Si and 13C NMR studies of organosilicon chemistry. V—Sugar derivatives

²⁹Si spectra have been obtained for four trimethylsilylated hexopyranoside sugars, and the resonance due to the CH₂OSiMe₃ group at position 5 has been assigned by experiments involving gated decoupling at a single ¹H frequency.     

1,3-Diindolylureas: high affinity dihydrogen phosphate receptors

Neutral 1,3-di(1H-indol-7-yl)ureas are selective dihydrogen phosphate receptors in polar solvent mixtures (DMSO-d(6)-25% water).     

Synthetic indole, carbazole, biindole and indolocarbazole-based receptors: applications in anion complexation and sensing

Indole, biindole, carbazole and indolocarbazole-based receptors are rapidly emerging as an important new class of anion-binding agents. This Feature Article provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular recognition and structural chemistry of these neutral, yet highly effective, anion receptors and sensors.