Low n-6/n-3 Gestation and Lactation Diets Influence Early Performance,Muscle and Adipose Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content and Deposition,and Relative Abundance of Proteins in Suckling Piglets

Elevated omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratios in swine diets can potentially impose a higher risk of inflammatory and metabolic diseases in swine. A low ratio between the two omega PUFAs has beneficial effects on sows’ and piglets’ production performance and immunity status. At present, there are few studies on how sow nutrition directly affects the protein and fat deposition in suckling piglets. Two groups of sows were fed diets with high or low n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated ratios of 13:1 (SOY) and 4:1 (LIN), respectively, during gestation and lactation. Longissimus dorsi muscle and adipose tissue from newborn piglets, nourished only with sow’s milk, were subjected to fatty acid profiling by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to proteomics assays based on nano-liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-HRMS). Fatty acid profiles on both muscle and adipose tissues resembled the magnitude of the differences between fatty acid across diets. Proteomic analysis revealed overabundance of 4 muscle and 11 adipose tissue proteins in SOY compared to LIN in both piglet tissues. The detected overabundance of haptoglobin, an acute-phase protein, and the stimulation of protein-coding genes and proteins related to the innate immune response and acute inflammatory response could be associated with the pro-inflammatory role of n-6 PUFAs.     

Antiproliferative Phenanthrenes from Juncus tenuis: Isolation and Diversity-Oriented Semisynthetic Modification

The occurrence of phenanthrenes is limited in nature, with such compounds identified only in some plant families. Phenanthrenes were described to have a wide range of pharmacological activities, and numerous research programs have targeted semisynthetic derivatives of the phenanthrene skeleton. The aims of this study were the phytochemical investigation of Juncus tenuis, focusing on the isolation of phenanthrenes, and the preparation of semisynthetic derivatives of the isolated compounds. From the methanolic extract of J. tenuis, three phenanthrenes (juncusol, effusol, and 2,7-dihydroxy-1,8-dimethyl-5-vinyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene) were isolated. Juncusol and effusol were transformed by hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, using a diversity-oriented approach. Four racemic semisynthetic compounds possessing an alkyl-substituted p-quinol ring (1–4) were produced. Isolation and purification of the compounds were carried out by different chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR, and HRMS spectroscopic methods. The isolated secondary metabolites and their semisynthetic analogues were tested on seven human tumor cell lines (A2780, A2780cis, KCR, MCF-7, HeLa, HTB-26, and T47D) and on one normal cell line (MRC-5), using the MTT assay. The effusol derivative 3, substituted with two methoxy groups, showed promising antiproliferative activity on MCF-7, T47D, and A2780 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 5.8, 7.0, and 8.6 µM, respectively.     

Box Valued Functions in Solving Systems of Equations and Inequalities

The paper gives reliable methods for solving systems of equations and systems of inequalities by using a box valued function the so-called zone function. Beside theorems and drafts of computer programs, some numerical examples are also presented for illustration of the effectiveness of methods.     

On an identity of Ramanujan over finitely generated domains

Summary We show that a well-known identity of Ramanujan admits only a bounded number of solutions over general finitely generated domains. The bound is explicit and uniform in the sense that it depends only on the dimensions of the domains involved. Our method is constructive, and opens up a possibility to determine the solutions in concrete instances. In some special cases all solutions are determined. Our results can also be considered as a continuation of some theorems of Z. Daróczy and G. Hajdu, obtained over Z. We note that in case of Hosszú's equation, similar results were obtained by several authors.     

Looking for more or less hidden vector spaces: A strategy for investigating injective cogenerators

We investigate ad compare certain injective cogenerators of the category of left modules over any algebra or, more generally, over any ring. Si studiano e si confrontano alcuni cogeneratori iniettivi della categoria dei moduli sinitri su un'algebra o, più in generale, su di un anello.

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(Conferenza tenuta il 19 ottobre 19920     

Crystal structure of tris(2-pyridylthio-2-pyridinium)pentaisothiocyanato-dioxouranate(VI)

Summary The crystal structure of [DPSH] ₃ ⁺ [UO₂[NCS)₅]^3– (DPSH = 2 pyridylthio-2-pyridinium) has been determined by standard methods using diffractometer data. Crystals are monoclinic, space groupP2₁/a, witha=33.16 (3),b=16.68(2),c=7.85(1) Å, and=97.3(1); D_c=1.65 g · cm^–3 for Z=4. The structure has been refined to R=5.8% by least squares methods. Five thiocyanate groups are equatorially bonded to the linear uranyl group. The mean of the five U-N, N-C, and C-S bond distances are 2.45, 1.17, and 1.59 Å respectively. The protonated DPS molecules have the N,N-inside conformations.     

Glivenko-Cantelli type theorems: An application of the convergence theory of stochastic suprema

The uniform convergence of empirical processes on certain classes of sets follows from the convergence theory for random lower semicontinuous functions studies in the context of stochastic optimization. In the process, a richer class of sets for which one can prove this type of result is exhibited.Research supported in part by grants from Ministero Publica Istruzione and the National Science Foundation.     

Finitely additive random walks on infinitely generated free groups

We consider any purely finitely additive probability measure supported on the generators of an infinitely generated free group and the Markov strategy with stationary transition probability . As well as for the case of random walks (with countably additive transition probability) on finitely generated free groups, we prove that all bounded sets are transient. Finally, we consider any finitely additive measure (supported on the group generators) and we prove that the classification of the state space depends only on the continuous part of .     

Zur intramolekularen nucleophilen Addition von 2,3-Dihydrodipyrrin-1(10H)-onen

Model compound5 was prepared by acid catalyzedintramolecular nucleophilic addition of the alcohol (Z)-4. In comparison to theintermolecular addition productl-2, differences in structure and reactivity could be determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis and¹H-NMR-spectroscopic investigations. The interpretation of these differences are based on the assumption of stereoelectronic advantages in the intermolecular adductl-2. Its methoxy group was found to beperiplanar with respect to the -(NCO)-plane of the lactam unit enabeling efficient delocalization of the amide lone pair to the *-orbital of the C-OMe-bond. The orientation of the corresponding C-O-bond in5 is fixed by the rigid structure of the bicyclic ring system and can be classified assynclinal. Consequentlyl-2 eliminates methanol very easily under acidic or high temperature conditions, whereas5 is a stable compound.In the stereoelectronically favoured adductl-2 n *-delocalization increases elimination reactivity on the one hand and thermodynamic stability on the other hand. Therefore adducts of this kind may be good candidates for biological regulators—a matter of interest with regard to the protein-chromophore interaction in biliproteins.