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991.
Gabriele Milani 《International Journal of Solids and Structures》2011,48(2):326-345
A homogenization model for periodic masonry structures reinforced with continuous FRP grids is presented. Starting from the observation that a continuous grid preserves the periodicity of the internal masonry layer, rigid-plastic homogenization is applied directly on a multi-layer heterogeneous representative element of volume (REV) constituted by bricks, finite thickness mortar joints and external FRP grids. In particular, reinforced masonry homogenized failure surfaces are obtained by means of a compatible identification procedure, where each brick is supposed interacting with its six neighbors by means of finite thickness mortar joints and the FRP grid is applied on the external surfaces of the REV. In the framework of the kinematic theorem of limit analysis, a simple constrained minimization problem is obtained on the unit cell, suitable to estimate – with a very limited computational effort – reinforced masonry homogenized failure surfaces.A FE strategy is adopted at a cell level, modeling joints and bricks with six-noded wedge shaped elements and the FRP grid through rigid infinitely resistant truss elements connected node by node with bricks and mortar. A possible jump of velocities is assumed at the interfaces between contiguous wedge and truss elements, where plastic dissipation occurs. For mortar and bricks interfaces, a frictional behavior with possible limited tensile and compressive strength is assumed, whereas for FRP bars some formulas available in the literature are adopted to reproduce the delamination of the truss from the support.Two meaningful structural examples are considered to show the capabilities of the procedure proposed, namely a reinforced masonry deep beam (0°/90° continuous reinforcement) and a masonry beam in simple flexion for which experimental data are available. Good agreement is found between present model and alternative numerical approaches. 相似文献
992.
Singh B Drew MG Kociok-Kohn G Molloy KC Singh N 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2011,40(3):623-631
An uncommon coordination protocol induced by the p-tolylsulfonyl dithiocarbimate ligand (L) [L = p-CH(3)C(6)H(4)SO(2)N[double bond, length as m-dash]CS(2)(2-)] in conjunction with PPh(3) allowed the formation of novel homodimetallic, Cu(2)(PPh(3))(4)L (1), trinuclear heterometallic Cu(2)Ni(L)(2)(PPh(3))(4) (2) and heteroleptic complexes of general formula cis-[M(PPh(3))(2)L] [M = Pd(ii) (3), Pt(ii) (4)]. The complexes have been characterized by microanalysis, mass spectrometry, IR, (1)H, (13)C and (31)P NMR and electronic absorption spectra and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. 2 uniquely consists of square planar, trigonal planar and tetrahedral coordination spheres within the same molecule. In both heteroleptic complexes 3 and 4 the orientation of aromatic protons of PPh(3) ligand towards the Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) center reveals C-HPd and C-HPt rare intramolecular anagostic or preagostic interactions. These complexes exhibit photoluminescent properties in solution at room temperature arising mainly from intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) transitions. The assignment of electronic absorption bands has been corroborated by time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Complexes 1 and 2 with σ(rt) values ~ 10(-6) S cm(-1) show semi-conductor properties in the temperature range 313-403 K whereas 3 and 4 exhibit insulating behaviour. 相似文献
993.
994.
Carbonylation of styrenes catalyzed by bioxazoline Pd(II) complexes: mechanism of enantioselectivity
Carfagna C Gatti G Mosca L Natanti P Paoli P Rossi P Gabriele B Salerno G 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2011,40(25):6792-6801
Preliminary studies of the elementary steps involved in the reaction of a chiral methyl carbonyl bioxazoline Pd(II) complex with aromatic olefins and CO have allowed development of a new enantioselective catalytic carbonylation process, leading to γ-ketoester derivatives with high yield and good enantiomeric excess. The intermediate palladacycle complexes have been isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Factors that govern the stereoselectivity of the olefin carbonylation process are discussed. 相似文献
995.
Axel Bücher Holger Dette Gabriele Wieczorek 《Journal of multivariate analysis》2011,102(10):1472-1488
In the functional regression model where the responses are curves, new tests for the functional form of the regression and the variance function are proposed, which are based on a stochastic process estimating L2-distances. Our approach avoids the explicit estimation of the functional regression and it is shown that normalized versions of the proposed test statistics converge weakly. The finite sample properties of the tests are illustrated by means of a small simulation study. It is also demonstrated that for small samples, bootstrap versions of the tests improve the quality of the approximation of the nominal level. 相似文献
996.
Gabriele Bonanno Giovanni Molica Bisci 《Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications》2011,74(14):4785-4795
The aim of this paper is to establish a multiplicity result for an eigenvalue non-homogeneous Neumann problem which involves a nonlinearity fulfilling a nonstandard growth condition. Precisely, a recent critical points result for differentiable functionals is exploited in order to prove the existence of a determined open interval of positive eigenvalues for which the problem admits at least three weak solutions in an appropriate Orlicz-Sobolev space. 相似文献
997.
Alan M. Kenwright Andrzej J. Tadeusiak Judith A.K. Howard Gabriele Nelles 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(52):9819-9827
The use of perbromofluorobenzene derivatives as starting materials for the synthesis of a variety of model liquid crystal systems by a combination of nucleophilic aromatic substitution, debromolithiation/trapping, dehydration and reduction processes is described. 相似文献
998.
Clara Turetta Carlo Barbante Gabriele Capodaglio Andrea Gambaro Paolo Cescon 《Microchemical Journal》2010,96(2):194-202
Vertical profiles for total dissolved thallium were obtained at five sites in the western sector of the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean), Antarctica. Thallium is estimated to have a natural mean seawater concentration between 50 and 65 pmol L− 1 with higher values in the North Pacific (65 ± 5 pmol L− 1) and lower in the Bay of Biscay and Irish Sea (49 ± 3 pmol L− 1). Our samples show a concentration varying from 22 to 55 pmol L− 1 with a mean value of 46 pmol L− 1, depending on depth, dissolved oxygen, salinity and local topographic characteristics. The analyses were performed using an ICP-SFMS that has enabled us to obtain reliable Tl concentration measurements with a relative standard deviation of better than 2.5% and a detection limit, calculated as three times the standard deviation of the “blank signal” of 0.69 pmol L− 1 (1.60 pmol L− 1, obtained analysing four blank solutions (n = 5) prepared with the same water and acid used for the dilution/acidification steps). Thallium appears to have a nearly conservative distribution in seawater as highlighted also from the comparison with the profiles of two seawater conservative elements: molybdenum and uranium; however it also highlights the presence of a reactive component of thallium, which is more influenced by the presence of particulate matter, oxygen content and fluorescence. 相似文献
999.
Experimental assessment of a large sample cell for laser ablation-ICP-MS, and its application to sediment core micro-analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The coupling of laser ablation (LA) to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) enables the direct analysis of solid samples with micrometric resolution. Analysis is often restricted to relatively small samples owing to the dimensions of conventional ablation cells. Here, we assess the performance of a large rectangular, commercially-available sample cell which enables analysis over a 10.2?×?5.2 cm2 area. Comparison with the conventional cell shows a small to moderate performance decrease for the large cell resulting from the dilution of ablated particles in a larger volume with a 4–31% lower signal output and longer signal tailings. The performance of this cell is however sufficient for the determination of both major and trace elements in many kinds of samples. The applicability of the large cell LA-ICP-MS setup was demonstrated by the determination of Al, Si, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn Pb and U in sediment core sections at a resolution of 0.6 mm. Detection limits for sediment analysis were 7 mg Al kg?1, 68 mg Si kg?1, 0.5 mg Mn kg?1, 20 mg Fe kg?1, 0.2 mg Cu kg?1, 0.3 mg Zn kg?1, 0.08 mg Pb kg?1 and 0.003 mg U kg?1. Cyclic patterns, which would have been overlooked by conventional analysis at cm resolution, were observed in analysed sediments. This study demonstrates the potential of LA-ICP-MS in environmental analysis, with the large sample cell setup offering the possibility to analyse a wider range of samples without sectioning. 相似文献
1000.
A convenient, recyclable catalytic synthesis of benzofuran-2-acetic esters 2 by sequential Pd(0)-catalyzed deallylation—Pd(II)-catalyzed carbonylative heterocyclization of 1-(2-allyloxyphenyl)-2-yn-1-ols 1 in ionic liquids is presented. Reactions were typically carried out in BmimBF4 as the solvent at 100 °C and under 30 atm of CO, in the presence of catalytic amounts (1 mol %) of PdI2 in conjunction with KI (1 equiv), PPh3 (4 mol %), MeOH (28 equiv), and H2O (2 equiv). The solvent-catalyst system could be recycled several times without appreciable loss of catalytic activity. 相似文献