The interdigital transducer (IDT) can excite Lamb wave in a piezoelectric plate loading with a liquid layer, and the phase
velocity of Lamb wave is associated with the properties of the liquid layer. In this paper, the concept of effective permittivity
is introduced to study the Lamb wave’s potential application in liquid sensing. Considering the measuring of ideal nonviscous
liquid, the sensors array is designed to sense the density and the dielectric constant of the liquid layer simultaneously.
Using LiNbO3 as piezoelectric material, in order to improve the sensors array sensitivity and the electro-mechanical coupling coefficient,
the optimized results including plate thicknesses and cut orientations are presented by numerical simulation. These studies
show that the Lamb wave sensors array can be potential in liquid sensing. 相似文献
Single aerosol particles were measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) with an aerosol time-of-flight
mass spectrometer (ATOFMS). The inlet to the ATOFMS was coupled with an evaporation/condensation flow cell that allowed matrix
addition by condensation onto the particles. The coated particles entered the ion source through three-stage differentially
pumped capillary inlet and were then ionized by a focused 266 nm Nd:YAG laser. The mass spectra and aerodynamic size of the
single particles can be obtained simultaneously. The on-line matrix addition technique makes it possible to identify biological
aerosols in real-time. 相似文献
In this paper, an improved controlled bidirectional quantum teleportation protocol of the special three-qubit state is proposed. In a little bit more detail, under the control of the third supervisor Charlie, Alice wants to send one special three-qubit entangled state to Bob, and at the meantime, Bob also wants to transmit another special three-qubit entangled state to Alice. In other words, both Alice and Bob can be the sender and receiver simultaneously. To achieve this aim, a specific eleven-qubit entangled state is shared among Alice, Bob and Charlie in advance acting as the quantum channel. Then, Alice and Bob first implement the GHZ-state measurement and Bell-state measurement respectively, and following Charlie’s single-qubit measurement. Finally, upon the foregoing measurement results, Alice and Bob can respectively implement the specific unitary operators on their local particles to recover the initial state transmitted by the other.