Tailoring Pore Structure and Morphologies in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Xe/Kr Capture and Separation

As a rising star among porous solid materials, covalent organic frameworks(COFs) with excellent properties including but not limit to facilely controllable structure, high porosity, and multi-chemical functionality represent significant potential for efficient ¹²⁷Xe/⁸⁵Kr capture and separation. In this study, through tuning the length of the organic ligands, two-dimensional(2D) COF mate-rials with identical connection group but different pore properties, denoted as ATFG-COF and TpPa-COF with AA-stacking model and TpBD-COF with AB-stacking model were synthesized and tested for Kr and Xe adsorption for the first time. Adsorption measurements indicate that the narrower pore apertures and higher porosity are conducive for COF materials to capture Xe and Kr. Furthermore, the Henry's constant, isosteric heat of adsorption(Q_st), and ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST) selectivity of ATFG-COF, the pore size of which is closest to the kinetic diameter of the Xe atom(0.41 nm) among 2D COF materials, were carried out based on the single component sorption isotherms. The results illustrate that the high isosteric heat values of Xe/Kr adsorption on ATFG-COF are 25 and 16 kJ/mol at room temperature, respectively. Henry's law predicts that the selectivity factor of Xe to Kr is 6.07, consistent with the adsorption selectivity(ca. 6) calculated based on the IAST.     

嵌段共聚物自组装的研究进展

嵌段共聚物自组装在光学、电子、信息、化学及生物领域有着广泛的应用前景.本文从实验观测、理论研究和计算机模拟三个方面概述了嵌段共聚物自组装领域的研究进展.在实验观测方面,着重介绍了嵌段共聚物在体相及膜中的自组装及外场调控作用方面的研究进展;理论方面则分别介绍了强分相理论、弱分相理论、自洽场理论、动态密度泛函方法和元胞动力学等在嵌段共聚物自组装领域的应用;计算机模拟方面就 Monte Carlo 模拟、耗散粒子动力学等方法在该领域的应用作了详细的阐述.     

荧光光谱法研究锌(Ⅱ)存在下诺氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白的结合作用

在模拟生理条件下,用荧光光谱法研究了诺氟沙星对牛血清白蛋白以及锌(Ⅱ)对诺氟沙星和牛血清白蛋白荧光光谱特性的影响。实验结果表明,诺氟沙星和锌(Ⅱ)都可以使牛血清白蛋白的荧光强度发生猝灭。根据荧光猝灭双倒数图计算诺氟沙星和牛血清白蛋白之间的结合常数为6.80×105,结合位点数为1.21。由此可见,诺氟沙星和牛血清白蛋白之间有很强的结合作用,这为诺氟沙星在体内被蛋白质储存和转运提供了条件。并且在锌(Ⅱ)存在下,诺氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白的结合作用有所增强。荧光猝灭双倒数图计算的结果表明,诺氟沙星和牛血清白蛋白之间的结合常数和结合位点数均随锌(Ⅱ)浓度的增大而增大。通过对锌(Ⅱ)、诺氟沙星和牛血清白蛋白的结合反应的研究,进一步探讨了诺氟沙星、锌(Ⅱ)在生物体内与蛋白质相互作用的机理。     

第4代太空防风的X射线荧光研究

利用我国发射的神舟三号飞船搭载防风种子,回收后在地面上筛选繁育,定向培育成新品种获得优良的种质资源。本文用X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）对枝叶和产量等方面占优势的第4代太空及地面组防风药用部分的元素含量进行测定和对比分析。两组样品的元素种类基本相同, 但多种矿质元素含量是太空组＞地面组。尤其是太空防风中与性味功效和归经相关的Zn,Fe,Mn和Cu含量比地面组分别提高到4.39,1.23,0.84和0.90倍。太空防风矿质元素指标明显优化。XRF方法可以从整体上对中药材的元素进行测定分析和研究。利用太空搭载防风种子可以筛选出多种元素优化的防风药材新品种。     

用激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱法检测悬浮土壤颗粒物

在自行研制的气溶胶飞行时间激光质谱仪(ATOFLMS)上实时探测单个悬浮土壤颗粒的粒径和化学成分。利用双束连续激光对单个粒子的空气动力学粒径进行测量,并用266 nm的Nd∶YAG激光器对气溶胶单粒子进行解吸附电离作用,产物离子通过飞行时间质谱仪的无场漂移区后完成单粒子化学成分的检测。本实验中使用了4个不同地区的土壤样本,在实验室内对分析的样本进行预处理和再悬浮,通过导管引入ATOFLMS进行测量,得到大量单粒子的粒径和质谱数据。发现在众多的单粒子的阳离子质谱中,金属成分以地壳元素(Fe, K, Al, Ca)为主,在其他阳离子质谱中包含了Mg和Na等。对悬浮土壤粒子的粒径进行实时检测的结果表明这些粒子多以粗粒子为主, 粒径主要集中在1～2 μm。实验结果表明该仪器在大气气溶胶环境监测及相关研究领域具有重要的实用价值。     

CaLaAl3O7:Eu3+的凝胶-燃烧法合成及其发光性能

采用柠檬酸凝胶-燃烧法合成了CaLa1-xAl3O7:xEu3+(0.05≤x≤0.8)材料的前驱粉末,在低于700℃退火处理时,得到非晶态样品,而高于800℃退火处理后为纯相的CaLa1-xAl3O7:xEu3+粉末样品.通过激发光谱和发射光谱研究了Eu3+在CaLaAl3O7基质中的发光性能及Eu3+掺杂量,退火温度和柠檬酸与金属离子的配比等对发光强度的影响.结果显示,非晶态和晶态CaLa1-xAl3O7:xEu3+样品均可发光,非晶态样品的最强激发峰出现在7F0-5D2的465 nm处,而晶相样品的最强激发峰为7F0-5L6跃迁的394nm.非晶态粉末在465 nm激发下发射光谱由5D0-7F0的578 nm和5D0-7F1的587 nm及5D0-7F2的615nm组成.而晶态粉末在394 nm激发下的发射光谱与非晶态相比5D0-7F0跃迁消失了,同时5D0-7F1跃迁发生谱线劈裂,出现在587和596 nm两处.随着退火温度的升高,主峰615 nm强度增强了,但5D0-7F1跃迁峰的增强更加明显.     

麻黄与杏仁混合汤剂红外光谱分析

测试了单味药麻黄、杏仁及麻黄+杏仁混合汤剂的红外光谱。经分析：在麻黄+杏仁汤剂中保留了麻黄、杏仁单味药物汤剂中的某些吸收峰,见麻黄+杏仁光谱1 402和1 076 cm-1处等;麻黄、杏仁光谱中的某些吸收峰并未在麻黄+杏仁光谱中出现,见麻黄+杏仁光谱1 394和682 cm-1处等;在麻黄+杏仁汤剂光谱中,出现了新的吸收峰,见麻黄+杏仁光谱688和1 187 cm-1处等。同时,因吸收峰位置的改变,说明各基团在麻黄、杏仁、麻黄+杏仁汤剂中所处的化学环境不同, 汤剂中生化物质的结构发生了变化,或麻黄+杏仁汤剂中可能新生成了麻黄、杏仁单味药物汤剂中所没有的化学成分。麻黄+杏仁汤剂所包含的药物成分并非是单味麻黄、杏仁汤剂所含药物成分的简单相加。     

Toxic Effect of Fullerene and Its Derivatives upon the Transmembrane β2-Adrenergic Receptors

Numerous experiments have revealed that fullerene (C₆₀) and its derivatives can bind to proteins and affect their biological functions. In this study, we explored the interaction between fullerine and the β₂-adrenergic receptor (β₂AR). The MD simulation results show that fullerene binds with the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) and intracellular loop 2 (ICL2) of β₂AR through hydrophobic interactions and π–π stacking interactions. In the C₆₀_in1 trajectory, due to the π–π stacking interactions of fullerene molecules with PHE and PRO residues on ICL2, ICL2 completely flipped towards the fullerene direction and the fullerene moved slowly into the lipid membrane. When five fullerene molecules were placed on the extracellular side, they preferred to stack into a stable fullerene cluster (a deformed tetrahedral aggregate), and had almost no effect on the structure of β₂AR. The hydroxyl groups of fullerene derivatives (C₆₀(OH)_X, X represents the number of hydroxyl groups, X = 4, 8) can form strong hydrogen bonds with the ECL2, helix6, and helix7 of β₂AR. The hydroxyl groups firmly grasp the β₂AR receptor like several claws, blocking the binding entry of ligands. The simulation results show that fullerene and fullerene derivatives may have a significant effect on the local structure of β₂AR, especially the distortion of helix4, but bring about no great changes within the overall structure. It was found that C₆₀ did not compete with ligands for binding sites, but blocked the ligands’ entry into the pocket channel. All the above observations suggest that fullerene and its derivatives exhibit certain cytotoxicity.     

近红外光谱分析原理及其在牧草航天育种的应用前景

近红外光谱(NIRS)的定量分析技术是一项高效、快捷检测样品中某种化学成分的分析新方法,近年来在饲料营养价值评估、土壤养分检测等方面得到了广泛的应用。文章简要介绍了NIRS技术产生和探测的基本原理、方法和技术特点,回顾了航天育种的研究进展及其在草类植物上的应用情况,然后从牧草营养成分分析、次生代谢产物预测、病虫害抗性鉴定、非生物胁迫抗性评估4个方面阐述了NIRS分析技术应用于草类植物航天育种的意义和潜在价值。NIRS技术不仅能提高育种选择效率、加快育种进程,还有助于诱变机理研究的深入,将其应用于草类植物航天育种有着重要的理论和实际意义。