注重内涵,以创新求跨越,持续发展,建设国家物理学基础科学人才培养基地——中国科学技术大学国家物理学基础科学人才培养基地建设总结

介绍了中国科学技术大学国家物理学基础科学人才培养基地的建设经验.基地传承了“科学与技术、科研与教学、理论与实践”相结合的中国科学技术大学办学特色,充分发挥基地物理学科门类齐全、学风优良、师资力量雄厚的综合优势,以培养具有宽厚知识、创新能力和探索精神的创新人才为目标,对物理理论课和物理实验课课程体系、教学内容、教学方法等方面作了全面的改革,取得了显著成果.     

非对称量子阱中非线性光学吸收系数的计算

非对称量子阱中的非线性光学效应因其潜在的实用价值而引起人们的广泛关注,而量子阱内带间的光学吸收问题对研究远红外光学探测器件具有重要的理论指导意义.以Pschl-Teller势阱为例研究了影响非对称量子阱中的非线性光学吸收系数的因素.考虑到带间的电子弛豫,用量子力学中的密度矩阵算符理论导出了Pschl-Teller势阱中的线性与三阶非线性光学吸收系数的表达式.因该势阱中有两个可调参数,通过调节系统的参数,发现该系统的非线性光学吸收系数呈规律性的变化.以典型的GaAs/AlGaAs非对称量子阱为例作了数值计算,通过调节系统的参数,数值计算结果表明,入射光强以及系统的非对称性对量子阱的非线性光学吸收系数有较大的影响,从而为实验上研究非对称量子阱的非线性光学效应提供了必要的理论依据.     

Scheme for Robust Long-Distance Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution

It is shown that the configuration of phase coding for quantum key distribution with single photon can also be used for continuous variable quantum key distribution. Therefore the robust long-distance high-speed quantum key distribution can be achieved with current technology.     

Stochastic Resonance in an Over-Damped Bias Linear System with Dichotomous Noise

The stochastic resonance in an over-damped bias linear system subject to multiplicative and additive dichotomous noise （DN） is investigated. By using the linear-response theory and the properties of the DN, the exact expressions are found for the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）. It is shown that the SNR is a non-monotonic function of the correlation time of the additive DN, and it varies non-monotonically with the bias of the external field, the intensity and asymmetry of the multiplicative DN, as well as the external field frequency. Moreover, the SNR depends on the bias of the system, as well as the strength and asymmetry of the additive DN.     

Autocorrelation Function of Hydrogen Atoms in Magnetic Fields

The autocorrelation function is an important quantity that can reflect the dynamical properties of the Rydberg wave packet and can be measured in experiments. Applying time-dependent perturbation theory and rotating wave approximation, we derive the autocorrelation function of the double-pulse laser describing the evolution of a Rydberg wave packet of hydrogen atoms in magnetic fields. The resulting expression is written as a sum of the modified Caussian terms. Each Caussian term comes from a parent semiclassical closed orbit. It provides a direct explanation and experimentally controllable measurement scheme, which allows us therefore to recognize the closed orbit and to determine its returning time in high precision.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定生物样品中锌、铜和锰

生物样品经消化处理后,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定样品中锌、铜和锰的含量,平均加标回收率为97.3%-102.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.65 %-1.40%.锌、铜和锰在给定范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9994、0.9994和0.9983,方法简便,快速,结果可靠.     

高压Ar气对激光诱导土壤等离子体辐射的增强效应

使用高能量钕玻璃脉冲激光器(～30J, 0.7 ms)烧蚀土壤样品获得等离子体,通过对等离子体图像和光谱的采集,以及对烧蚀质量的测量,分析了高气压(0.2～1.1 MPa)Ar气环境对等离子体辐射强度的影响。结果表明,随着Ar气气压的升高等离子体的体积被压缩,温度升高,亮度明显增强。在实验条件下,等离子体发射光谱强度随着环境气压上升而不断提高,但是激光对样品的烧蚀质量却逐渐下降。结合实验过程对测量结果进行了适当的讨论。     

太赫兹成像技术对玉米种子的鉴定和识别

利用太赫兹时域光谱(THz_TDS)测试技术及透射式太赫兹逐点扫描成像技术分别对几种玉米种子DNA和胚的样品进行了光谱和成像测量;利用空间图样成份分析(component spatial pattern analysis)方法对得到的THz像进行识别运算。实验结果表明,几种样品在THz波段都有不同的吸收特性,但都没有明显的吸收峰,不能利用“特征指纹谱”进行识别。用基于THz扫描成像的空间图样成份分析方法能很好地实现不同玉米种子DNA样品的鉴定和识别。与现有的THz图像识别方法相比,这个方法只需要THz像的实验数据和样品的吸收谱信息,不需要样品的其它特征。这项研究为进一步利用THz成像技术实现无损检测、安全检查、质量监测等提供了依据,具有实际应用价值。     

LD抽运Cr~(4 )∶YAG高重复率被动调QNd∶YVO_4激光器

采用Cr4 ∶YAG晶体作为可饱和吸收体,实现连续激光二极管(LD)端面抽运的Nd∶YVO4激光器的高重复率被动调Q·在注入抽运功率为8.8W时,得到重复频率23.8kHz、平均功率1.21W的调Q脉冲序列;每个脉冲能量为51μJ、脉宽为25ns、峰值功率达到2.03kW·实验上研究了脉冲重复频率、平均输出功率、脉冲宽度、单脉冲能量与抽运功率、输出镜透过率的关系·实验结果表明,当抽运功率较大时,脉冲重复频率和输出平均功率随着抽运功率的增加而减小,对此进行了合理的理论解释·     

A New Type of Terahertz Waveguides

A new type of THz waveguides, which employs a solid polyethylene rod as the core and polyethylene tubes in a periodic array of square lattice as the cladding, is proposed. Optical properties of this new THz waveguide, especially in dispersion, confinement loss and single mode property, are investigated in detail with the plane wave expansion method and the beam propagation method. Numerical results demonstrate that the new THz waveguide can reach not only low dispersion but also low confinement loss at single mode propagation. Therefore, the square lattice structure is a better candidate as THz waveguides than the triangular ones.