聚合物材料中六价铬萃取方法研究

本研究作为起草国际电工委员会标准IEC 62321, Ed.1的第3次国际实验室间比对实验的一部分,考察了用碱溶液对聚合物样品中六价铬进行萃取时样品的基体材料、粒径和萃取时间对萃取效率的影响.研究选取了3种不同粒径 (<125 μm,125～250 μm和250～500 μm) 的ABS、PVC和EVA/PE样品.用50 mL 0.5 mol/L NaOH-0.28 mol/L Na2CO3混合碱性消解液在90～95 ℃下萃取样品中的六价铬,并在1～6 h内逐渐增加萃取时间.测试结果表明:聚合物中六价铬的萃取率明显地受到样品基体材料的影响,PVC材料有很好的萃取效果,ABS中的六价铬也能被有效萃取出;而EVA/PE材料中的六价铬则几乎不能被萃取.对PVC和ABS,3 h的萃取时间基本能达到最大萃取率,而样品粒径在减小至＜250 μm后,萃取率会明显提高.     

可见分光光度虚拟仪器的研制与应用

LabVIEW是开发虚拟仪器的优秀图形化平台.设计开发了基于LabVIEW8.0的分光光度测量化学虚拟仪器系统,运用于测定饲料级磷酸氢钙中磷的含量,避免了繁琐的人工数据处理和操作的人为误差,实现了数据测量的自动采集、实时显示与处理,提高了测量结果的精度.     

2-吲哚酮和5-甲基-2-吲哚酮的无溶剂法制备

以苯胺和氯乙酰氯为原料在NaOH存在下酰化合成N-氯乙酰基苯胺,然后N-氯乙酰基苯胺在无水AICI,催化下环化合成2-吲哚酮．对由N-氯乙酰基苯胺合成2-吲哚酮的工艺条件进行了改进．结果表明合成2-吲哚酮的最佳条件为：反应温度为220℃,反应时间为60min,加料时温度为180℃,N-氯乙酰基苯胺与氯化钠,无水AlCl3的重量比为1：1：5．5．改进后的合成2-吲哚酮收率达到88．3％,纯度99％,收率比原工艺提高了24．6％．在此基础上,还合成了5-甲基-2-吲哚酮,并得到其最佳条件为：反应温度为190℃,反应时间为30min,加料时温度为180℃,4-甲基-N-氯乙酰基苯胺与氯化钠,无水AlCl3的重量比为1：1：5．5,收率达到83．1％,纯度为99％．     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Binuclear Cd（ Ⅱ ） Coordination Polymer Based on 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylate and Imidazole

The hydrothermal reaction of Cd（OAc）2.H2O with 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate （1,2-BDC）, imidazole and H2O resulted in the formation of a binuclear polymeric Cd（ Ⅱ ） complex {[Cd2（1,2-BDC）2（Im）4].（H2O）}n which was then characterized by elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal is of monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 14.6455（3）, b = 9.3530（2）, c = 23.7838（5）A, β= 106.6290（10）°, Cl12H104CdgN32O36, Mr = 3373.47, V = 3121.64（11）A^3, Dc = 1.795 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1672,μ= 1.428 cm^-1 and Z = 1. The final R = 0.0316 and wR = 0.0687 for 5045 reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. In the title complex, the two Cd（ Ⅱ） ions are in different coordination environments with distorted octahedral and pengonal bipyramidal geometries, respectively. Two Cd polyhedra are linked together through one μ2-η^1：η^1 and one μ2-η^1：η^1 carboxylate groups from different 1,2-BDC ligands, giving rise to a binuclear Cd（ Ⅱ ） cluster, and such clusters are connected by bridged 1,2-BDC ligands to form a 2-D structure along the c axis. The inter- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds further connect the 2-D structures into a 3-D supramolecular network.     

Syntheses and Characterizations of （CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3）6（BiI6）（I）2I3 and （NH3CH2CH2NH3）2Bi2I10

The title compounds have been respectively synthesized by solution process and solvothermal reaction, and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction method. For （CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3）6（BiI6）（I）2I3 1, it crystallizes in tficlinic, space group P1^- with Mr = 2049.76, a = 8.5719（1）, b = 11.7461（3）, c = 15.700（1）A, V = 1451.4（1）A^3, Z = 1, Dc = 2.345 g/cm^3, F（000） = 924, μ（MoKα） = 8.907 mm^-1, T = 293（2） K, the final R = 0.0655 and wR = 0.0804 for 2399 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. For （NH3CH2CH2NH3）2Bi2I10 2, it crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with Mr= 1811.20, a = 8.434（4）, b = 13.862（6）, c = 13.362（6）A, V = 1499.9（12）A^3, Z = 2, Dc = 4.010 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1536,μ（MoKα） = 22.007 mm^-1, T = 293（2） K, the final R = 0.0584 and wR = 0.1451 for 1798 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The structures of 1 and 2 contain halobismuthate monomer and dimers, respectively. It is noteworthy that the dimers and their organic counters in 2 connect each other by N…I hydrogen bonds to form a layered structure, and the electrostatic interactions and crystal packing forces between layers give rise to the packing of the crystal. The optical absorption spectra of 1 and 2 reveal the appearance of sharp optical gaps of 2.13 and 2.01 eV, respectively.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Fluorescence Spectrum Studies of a Supramolecular Compound {[2-(2-Pyridyl)benzimidazoleH_2]~(2 )·[SbCl_5]~(2-)}_2

A new supramolecular compound,{[2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazoleH2]2 ·[SbCl5]2-}2,was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of o-diaminobenzene,2-pyridinecarboxylic acid and SbCl3 in 1:1 HCl solution,and characterized by chemical analysis,elemental analysis,IR spectra,thermogravimetric analysis and fluorescence spectra. The crystal structure was deter-mined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/c,with a=16.0397(13),b=14.3189(12),c=15.6370(13),β=105.8980(10)°,V=3454.0(5)3,Z=4,C24H22Cl10N6Sb2,Mr=992.48,Dc=1.909 g/cm3,μ=2.366 mm-1,S=1.010,F(000)=1920,R=0.0254 and wR=0.0555. The coordination anion,[SbCl5]2-which is a distorted tetragonal pyramid,is composed by coordinating action with Sb3 ion and five adjacent chloride ions. Every four coordination anions of [SbCl5]2-form a biquaternion ring structure through the secondary bonding of Sb···Cl. Moreover,the compound adopts a three-dimensional network supramolecular structure because of the hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking between the rings and the 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole divalent cations. The title compound also shows good fluorescent behaviors.     

2-氯苯甲醛缩L-天冬氨酸合铜的合成及与DNA相互作用研究

本文合成了配体2-氯苯甲醛缩L-天冬氨酸钾和2-氯苯甲醛缩L-天冬氨酸合铜金属配合物,对化合物进行了元素分析,红外光谱、热重分析、质谱等测试;在pH=7.2的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,采用循环伏安法、紫外吸收光谱法研究了2-氯苯甲醛缩L-天冬氨酸合铜配合物与DNA相互作用的电子吸收光谱。结果发现铜离子在循环伏安图上呈现一对准可逆氧化还原峰。当加入DNA后,配合物的氧化峰电流明显降低,电子光谱的最大吸收峰明显红移,产生明显的减色效应,说明配合物与DNA的作用较强,作用模式为插入作用。     

丙烯腈-衣康酸共聚物稀溶液的粘度行为

采用乌氏粘度计研究了丙烯腈-衣康酸共聚物稀溶液的粘度行为,探讨了羧基含量对聚丙烯腈稀溶液偏离Huggins方程的异常行为的影响.结果表明:随着羧基含量增加,溶液粘度偏离Huggins方程越严重,要准确测定聚丙烯腈树脂的分子量,必需适当提高其溶液浓度,避开偏离区域.     

顶空富集-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定聚醚中3，5-二新丁基-4-羟基-甲苯

采用气相色谱与质谱联用法测定了聚醚中3,5-二新丁基-4-羟基-甲苯(BHT),并采用顶空富集方法,与溶剂萃取富集法比较,此文中提出的顶空分离法具有不需用大量萃取溶剂,简化了操作步骤,加快了分析速度等优点,而所测得的结果与溶剂萃取法相一致.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-溴化钾-硝酸钠体系浮选分离铂(Ⅳ)

在pH3．0的克拉克-鲁布斯缓冲溶液中,铂（Ⅳ）以PtBr5^2-&#183;2CTMAB＋的形式从含有0．59mol&#183;L^-1硝酸钠、5．0&#215;10^-3mol&#183;L^-1溴化钾及3．0&#215;10^-1mol&#183;L^-1十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）的试液中定量浮选分离。此方法中浮选分离时试液的总体积定为10mL,其中合0．1mol&#183;L^-1溴化钾溶液0．5mL,0．01mol&#183;L^-1CTMAB溶液3mL及硝酸钠0．5g。试验结果表明：100／lg铂（Ⅳ）有效地与多达1．0mg的铬（Ⅲ）、锰（Ⅱ）、铝（Ⅲ）、镍（Ⅱ）、镓（Ⅲ）、铁（Ⅱ）及锌（Ⅱ）分离,铂（Ⅳ）的浮选率迭100％。此方法应用于已知含铂0．102％（质量分数）的Ni—Pt／Al2O3催化剂的分析,测得铂量的平均值为0．099％,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=7）为2．2％。