基于核酸分子杂交的免疫芯片抗体固定新方法

基于核酸分子杂交原理构建了一种新型抗体固定方法.先将抗体与寡核苷酸单链交联,再将两者的复合物与固相载体表面上的互补寡核苷酸链结合,从而将抗体固定到载体的表面.在磁珠表面对该固定方法进行实验,证明了方法的可行性.以本方法构建了针对转基因Bt Cry1Ac蛋白的免疫芯片,用Cy3标记二抗对其探针固定效果进行分析,并且在芯片上对Bt Cry1 Ac蛋白进行梯度浓度检测试验.结果表明,以本方法构建的抗体芯片,探针分布具有良好的特异性;探针层分布均匀,非特异吸附小;检测灵敏度达到0.01 ～ 0.05 μg/L;此外,通过杂交核酸双链的解离成功实现了芯片的再生,有助于解决传统抗体固定方法中芯片不可再生的问题.     

在线质谱仪检测植物排放的挥发性有机物

利用在线检测质谱仪(SPIMS-1000)分别对高温烘烤、长时间密封保存、机械损伤等处理过的松科松属马尾松(Pinus Massoniana L.)样品排放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)与新鲜样品进行对比检测。SPIMS-1000在线检测质谱仪能够检测出植物排放的异戊二烯(m/z 68)和单萜(m/z 136),及其它一些特异性组分,如(Z)-3-己烯醛(m/z 98)等。利用在线检测质谱仪实现敞开环境中原位植物排放气体的检测。实验表明,在线检测质谱仪被广泛应用于环境中VOCs的实时、在线、定性快速检测。     

基于负温度系数热敏电阻的催化燃烧型一氧化碳传感器

介绍一种能检测0.0232 g/m3CO的新型催化燃烧型传感器。这种传感器使用电阻温度系数高的负温度系数热敏电阻(NTCT)代替传统的铂丝线圈。传统的催化燃烧型传感器只能检测百分浓度的可燃气体,而基于NTCT的催化燃烧型CO传感器可以检测到0.0232 g/m3CO气体。当桥电压为9 V时,传感器输出信号与CO浓度在0.0232~0.58 g/m3之间具有良好的线性关系。传感器对0.58 g/m3CO的响应和恢复时间分别为50和120 s。考察了传感器的选择性和长期稳定性,结果表明:传感器对甲烷等气体具有较好的选择性,老化处理后的传感器,连续观察100 d,对CO的响应强度未发生明显下降。     

宽离子能量检测范围垂直引入反射式飞行时间质谱仪的研制

本实验室研制了国内首台宽离子能量检测范围飞行时间质谱仪。仪器采用紧凑式电子轰击源设计,配合离子透镜系统有效的调制离子流,飞行时间质量分析器采用了离子垂直引入式,双场加速和双场反射以及大尺寸MCP检测装置设计。仪器单离子信号半峰宽约2 ns,仪器分辨率优于1600FWHM,检测实际样品质量范围为1~127 amu(仪器理论质量检测上限优于800 amu),可检测离子能量范围优于2个数量级(3~140 eV)。若该TOF质量分析器与短瞬高压脉冲放电离子源耦合联用,可广泛应用于高能离子束的快速检测,如真空阴极放电对制备薄膜、离子注入材料的表征,导电材料的离子电荷态分布以及离子扩散速度的测定等。     

Nonisothermal crystallization and morphology of poly(butylene succinate)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites

Biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared via melt blending in a twin-screw extruder. The morphology and dispersion of LDH nanoparticles within PBS matrix were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed that LDH nanoparticles were found to be well distributed at the nanometer level. The nonisothermal crystallization behavior of nanocomposites was extensively studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique at various cooling rates. The crystallization rate of PBS was accelerated by the addition of LDH due to its heterogeneous nucleation effect; however, the crystallization mechanism and crystal structure of PBS remained almost unchanged. In kinetics analysis of nonisothermal crystallization, the Ozawa approach failed to describe the crystallization behavior of PBS/LDH nanocomposites, whereas both the modified Avrami model and the Mo method well represented the crystallization behavior of nanocomposites. The effective activation energy was estimated as a function of the relative degree of crystallinity using the isoconversional analysis. The subsequent melting behavior of PBS and PBS/LDH nanocomposites was observed to be dependent on the cooling rate. The POM showed that the small and less perfect crystals were formed in nanocomposites.     

Improving the properties of HDPE based separators for lithium ion batteries by blending block with copolymer PE-b-PEG

To improve the performances of HDPE-based separators, polyether chains were incorporated into HDPE membranes by blending with poly(ethylene-block-ethylene glycol) (PE-b-PEG) via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process. By measuring the composition, morphology, crystallinity, ion conductivity, etc, the influence of PE-b-PEG on structures and properties of the blend separator were investigated. It was found that the incorporated PEG chains yielded higher surface energy for HDPE separator and improved affinity to liquid electrolyte. Thus, the stability of liquid electrolyte trapped in separator was increased while the interfacial resistance between separator and electrode was reduced effectively. The ionic conductivity of liquid electrolyte soaked separator could reach 1.28 × 10-3 S.cm-1 at 25℃, and the electrochemical stability window was up to 4.5 V (versus Li + /Li). These results revealed that blending PE-b-PEG into porous HDPE membranes could efficiently improve the performances of PE separators for lithium batteries.     

制备方法对Al2O3掺杂Pt/WO3-ZrO2催化剂上正庚烷异构化反应的影响

采用恒pH法和非恒pH法制备了Al₂O₃掺杂的Pt/WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂,并用N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射、CO化学吸附、X射线光电子能谱、²⁷Al魔角旋转核磁共振和吡啶吸附红外等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,相比于非恒pH法制备的催化剂,恒pH法制备的催化剂具有较高的比表面积和Pt分散度,在H₂气氛中产生更多的B酸位,从而表现出更高的催化正庚烷临氢异构化反应活性; 在200℃和质量空速0.9h^-1的反应条件下,正庚烷转化率达70.0%,明显高于非恒pH法制备的催化剂(43.5%).     

钙钛矿型氧化物负载纳米金属催化剂结构的动态调变及其催化氧化CO反应性能

研究了钛酸钡和钛酸钙担载的Ag和Pt纳米催化剂的表面结构随氧化-还原处理过程的动态变化及其对CO完全氧化反应性能的影响.发现氧化物担载的Ag催化剂在氧化处理后其催化活性较还原处理的高; X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征结果表明,氧化处理能够提高载体表面Ag颗粒的分散度,而还原处理导致Ag颗粒的聚集,从而降低了催化氧化CO反应的活性.氧化-还原处理改变了担载Ag纳米粒子的尺寸并影响其CO氧化反应活性.与此相反,氧化物担载的Pt催化剂在还原处理后所表现出的CO氧化反应活性较氧化处理的高; 对比研究发现,氧化和还原处理后Pt纳米粒子的尺寸基本相同,但是氧化处理的样品中Pt表面物种以氧化态为主,而还原处理后Pt表面物种主要为金属态.Pt纳米粒子表面化学状态随氧化-还原处理的调变是导致表面催化活性差异的主要原因.     

Halonickel 2,4-di-t-butyl-6-(quinolin-8-yliminomethyl)phenolates: Synthesis, characterization and ethylene reactivity

A series of nickel halides bearing 2,4-di-t-butyl-6-(quinolin-8-yliminomethyl) phenolate ligands was synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.Molecular structures of C1(R = H,X = Br) and C2(R = H,X = Cl) were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies,and revealed a distorted square planar geometry at nickel.Upon activation with diethylaluminum chloride(Et 2 AlCl),all nickel pre-catalysts displayed good catalytic activity [up to 9.3 × 10 5 g mol 1(Ni) h 1 ] for ethylene oligomerization with major dimerization.In the presence of methylaluminoxane(MAO),the nickel complex C1 was capable of ethylene polymerization under 3 MPa,and produced polyethylene products with narrow polydispersity(1.16 1.73) and molecular weights in the range of 2.6 4.95 kg/mol.