A study of corrosion on a rotating iron disk electrode

Corrosion of iron in slightly acidified sodium sulphate solutions (mainly pH 4.5) in the open air was studied with a rotating disk electrode method at room temperature.Microscopic observations of corroded iron disk surfaces in the pH 4.5 solution revealed that iron initially corrodes locally with the formation of round pits of 10–30 μm in diameter and of(0.6–1.3) × 10³ in number per apparent square centimetre followed by the U-shaped brown protective wall formation of precipitates (rust) outside the pits. Each protective wall is formed along the lines of flow of the solution adjacent to the iron surface and each pit is located near the upstream end of the wall. Steady state of corrosion sets in when the parts of surface area surrounded by the wall are completely covered with a microscopically non-porous rust film.The amount of iron in the rust film and the total amount of corrosion of iron including that in the film increase parabolically with the increase in the time of immersion. The amount of iron in the film increases in proportion to the total amount of corrosion independently of the speed of rotation of the disk electrode even in the steady state.The fraction of area of iron surface not covered with the film decreases with time and reaches a certain fixed value in the steady state: the value is smaller at higher rotational speed. The corrosion rate is proportional to the uncovered area, as the corrosion is near the steady state. The pH of the bulk solution increases as corrosion progresses.The corrosion rate of iron can be well interpreted by assuming that the rate is controlled by the diffusion of oxygen from the bulk solution to the surface of iron and that the rust film on iron impedes the diffusion of oxygen.     

Koordinationschemie makrocyklischer liganden—I : Kernresonanzspektroskopische untersuchungen über die lösungsstruktur und das komplexierungsverhalten makrocyklischer aminopolyaether

From the highly refined proton-NMR spectra of monocyclic and bicyclic aminopolyethers, signal shifts have been observed which indicate conformation changes in the ligand moiety. Their dependence on solvent, coordinated cation and anion is discussed, and an interpretation of the spectra is put forward on the basis of dynamic symmetry patterns.     

Nucleophilic substitution in 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro- and 6,7-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-alkenyl-1,4-methanonaphthalenes and related compounds. A search for homoallylic conjugation

The second-order rate constants for the nucleophilic replacement of fluorine by isopropoxide in 5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro- and 6,7,-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-alkenyl-1,4-methanonaphthalenes and related 9-alkyl systems have been measured. A factor of 6 - 7 separates the most reactive compounds [the 9- (4′-trifluoromethylbenzylidene) derivatives] from the least reactive compounds [the syn-9-isopropyl derivatives] in both the tetrafluoro- and difluoro-series. It is concluded for these small reactivity differences.     

Investigation of charge-transfer complex of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) with fluoranyl

Russian Chemical Bulletin -     

Mathematical model of substance active transport via cytoplasmic membrane of microbial cell along concentration gradient

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Considering the process of methane generation by methanogenic bacteria as an example, the model describes the distribution of methane concentration inside...     

Adsorption and thermodynamic properties of active sites of a pyrogenic aluminium oxide surface

Differential isosteric adsorption heats and entropies of adsorption of both n-pentane and diethyl ether on hydrated and dehydrated surfaces of pyrogenic alumina (S=140 m²/g) in the coverage range of 0.15–1.0 have been calculated from the adsorption isotherms.     

Laser photolysis study of the triplet states of nitroaromatic amides

The spectrokinetic indices of the triplet states of nitroaromatic amides were established. The quenching of triplet states by tertiary aromatic amines in apolar solvents leads to the formation of triplet exciplexes. A charge transfer state makes the major contribution to the structure of these exciplexes. Hydrogen atom transfer proceeds efficiently in the case of secondary aromatic amines, leading to the formation of the corresponding neutral radicals.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1912–1915, August, 1989.