全文获取类型
收费全文 | 395446篇 |
免费 | 4681篇 |
国内免费 | 1034篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 214156篇 |
晶体学 | 5917篇 |
力学 | 16778篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
数学 | 45696篇 |
物理学 | 118601篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 3990篇 |
2017年 | 3904篇 |
2016年 | 6314篇 |
2015年 | 4155篇 |
2014年 | 6120篇 |
2013年 | 16302篇 |
2012年 | 12122篇 |
2011年 | 14939篇 |
2010年 | 10095篇 |
2009年 | 9596篇 |
2008年 | 13835篇 |
2007年 | 14047篇 |
2006年 | 13329篇 |
2005年 | 12234篇 |
2004年 | 11042篇 |
2003年 | 9963篇 |
2002年 | 9759篇 |
2001年 | 10534篇 |
2000年 | 8199篇 |
1999年 | 6402篇 |
1998年 | 5662篇 |
1997年 | 5589篇 |
1996年 | 5404篇 |
1995年 | 5046篇 |
1994年 | 5068篇 |
1993年 | 4847篇 |
1992年 | 5413篇 |
1991年 | 5279篇 |
1990年 | 5185篇 |
1989年 | 5009篇 |
1988年 | 5115篇 |
1987年 | 5027篇 |
1986年 | 4754篇 |
1985年 | 6406篇 |
1984年 | 6754篇 |
1983年 | 5662篇 |
1982年 | 6048篇 |
1981年 | 5839篇 |
1980年 | 5819篇 |
1979年 | 5779篇 |
1978年 | 6229篇 |
1977年 | 6037篇 |
1976年 | 6140篇 |
1975年 | 5714篇 |
1974年 | 5611篇 |
1973年 | 6012篇 |
1972年 | 4042篇 |
1971年 | 3309篇 |
1968年 | 3107篇 |
1967年 | 3203篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
991.
In this paper, the authors deal with bifunctions defined on complete metric spaces and with values in locally convex spaces ordered by closed convex cones. The aim is to provide a vector version of Ekeland’s theorem related to equilibrium problems. To prove this principle, a weak notion of continuity of a vector-valued function is considered, and some of its properties are presented. Via the vector Ekeland’s principle, existence results for vector equilibria are proved in both compact and noncompact domains. 相似文献
992.
993.
D. Fong J. H. Hamilton A. V. Ramayya J. K. Hwang C. Goodin K. Li J. Kormicki J. O. Rasmussen Y. X. Luo S. C. Wu I. Y. Lee A. V. Daniel G. M. Ter-Akopian G. S. Popeko A. S. Fomichev A. M. Rodin Yu. Ts. Oganessian M. Jandel J. Kliman L. Krupa J. D. Cole M. A. Stoyer R. Donangelo W. C. Ma 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2006,69(7):1161-1167
The hot bimodal fission of 252Cf is reexamined with new high-statistics data. We constructed a γ-γ-γ coincidence cube for binary fission and LCP-gated γ-γ matrix for ternary fission. By identifying the secondary fission fragments from their γ-ray transitions, we measured the yields for various fission splits. The normal neutron yield distribution is found to be
Gaussian for Xe-Ru. However, the binary fission split of Ba-Mo is found to exhibit a bimodal neutron distribution with the
“hot mode” corresponding to ≈3.1% of the total yield. In α ternary fission, the first measurements of yields for specific fission splits are presented. The Te-α-Ru and Xe-α-Mo neutron yields fit well with a single mode, but the Ba-α-Zr split shows evidence for an enhanced hot mode with an intensity of ≈13.8% of the normal mode.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
994.
A. G. Zhdanov A. K. Zvezdin A. P. Pyatakov T. B. Kosykh D. Viehland 《Physics of the Solid State》2006,48(1):88-95
The specific features of the “incommensurate-commensurate” phase transitions induced by a magnetic field in multiferroics
(materials with coexisting magnetic and electric ordering) are considered. These materials are ferroelectromagnets, for example,
bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 and BiFeO3-based compounds, which have spatially modulated spin structures. It is shown that the interaction between the electric and
magnetic subsystems of the multiferroic material can lead to an electric-field-induced shift of the critical magnetic field
corresponding to the transition from a spatially modulated state to a homogeneous antiferromagnetic state. According to the
theoretical estimates obtained for material parameters characteristic of the bismuth ferrite, this shift is of the order of
0.5 T in an electric field of 50 kV/cm. The phase diagrams are constructed in the “electric field-magnetic field” coordinates.
The results of calculations performed in the harmonic incommensurate structure approximation are compared with the exact soliton
solution. 相似文献
995.
Investigated materials were produced from polyethylene
of low density (PE-LD) and a filler: carbon black or chalk. A part of the
samples was kept in ambient temperature over several months in order to study
the effect of material ageing. The qualitative conclusions were drawn based
on a precise analysis of shape of DSC curves and the basic investigations
of PE morphologies known from literature. The influence of the thermal history
and the filler contents on the amount and kind of crystal phase was established.
Additionally, the effect of the measurement technique, in our case it was
positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), on the morphological feature
changes was found. The paper serves selected examples of problems solved by
DSC. However, from the other hand, the authors discuss critically the opportunity
given by this method. 相似文献
996.
I. V. Zavarzin N. G. Smirnova V. N. Yarovenko M. M. Krayushkin 《Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry》2006,42(2):273-274
A convenient procedure was developed for preparation of thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-2-carboxamides by oxidation of monothiooxamides synthesized from 3-aminopyridine. 相似文献
997.
I. G. Silinskaya A. V. Novoselova Yu. N. Sazanov A. V. Gribanov I. N. Serov V. I. Margolin 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2006,79(8):1378-1380
Mechanisms of orientation for the solutions of polyacrylonitrile synthesized under conditions of radical and anionic polymerization were studied. The effect of the fractal-matrix structuring agent developed by the AIRES foundation on the correlation parameters of the solution density and average squared fluctuation polarizability, which can be used to determine how the supramolecular structure changes by “self-orientation” and “induced orientation” mechanisms, was analyzed. 相似文献
998.
A. P. Suponina L. G. Kolzunova M. A. Karpenko 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2006,79(6):924-929
The effect of coatings based on a copolymer of acrylamide, N,N′-methylenebisaxcrylamide and formaldehyde deposited by electrochemical polymerization on the corrosion resistance of 08Kh18N10T stainless steel (field studies at sea) and low-carbon steel (laboratory experiments) was examined. 相似文献
999.
H. Kim R.C.Y. Auyeung M. Ollinger G.P. Kushto Z.H. Kafafi A. Piqué 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2006,83(1):73-76
Low-temperature laser sintering has been successfully demonstrated to improve the overall conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. Mesoporous TiO2 electrodes were prepared from a colloidal solution of TiO2 nanopowders by a laser direct-write technique and then sintered by a quasi-continuous-wave UV laser (λ=355 nm) for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells. The overall conversion efficiency of the cells based on the laser-sintered TiO2 electrodes was double that of the devices with non-laser-treated TiO2 electrodes. This enhancement is attributed to both the removal of organic additives and the improved inter-nanoparticle electrical contacts induced by the laser-sintering process, which led to an increase in porosity and dye-absorption sites in the TiO2 electrodes. PACS 61.80.Ba; 61.46.+w; 73.22.-f; 84.60.Jt 相似文献
1000.
G. Hanna T. Glatzel S. Sadewasser N. Ott H.P. Strunk U. Rau J.H. Werner 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2006,82(1):1-7
The influence of different film textures on the electronic properties of polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers is studied by measuring the laterally resolved optoelectronic properties of differently textured Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films with Kelvin probe force microscopy and cathodoluminescence. The grain boundaries in (112)- and (220/204)-textured films behave differently. The work-function profile measured with the Kelvin probe across a grain boundary in (112)-textured films shows a dip indicating positive charges at the grain boundaries. In panchromatic cathodoluminescence mappings in a transmission electron microscope, such grain boundaries appear dark, i.e. the strongly reduced luminescence indicates that the grain boundaries represent strong non-radiative recombination centers. In contrast, grain boundaries in (220/204)-textured films give rise to a dip or a step in the work function indicating slightly negative charge or neutrality. Cathodoluminescence is reduced at such grain boundaries, but less dramatically than in the (112)-textured case. However, when Na is present in the (220/204)-textured films, the grain boundaries are almost invisible in cathodoluminescence mappings. This strong passivating action of Na occurs only in the (220/204)-textured films, due to a particular grain-boundary population. In (112)-textured films and films without pronounced texture, this passivation effect is much less noticeable. PACS 73.50.Gr; 73.61.Ga; 78.60.Hk; 87.64.Dt 相似文献