On the ordering in [(C2H5)4N]2CuCl4 crystal: an X-ray study and theoretical considerations

The crystal structure [(C₂H₅)₄N]₂CuCl₄ has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 243K. The room temperature phase (phase I) belongs to the space group P4₂/nm [1] whereas the low temperature phase (phase II) is orthorhombic and belongs to the space group Pnna. The phase transition at T_c=258K is of improper ferroelastic type and it is associated with the ordering of the CuCl₄ ^2? and a partial ordering of the [(C₂H₅)₄N]⁺ ions which are disordered in the high temperature tetragonal phase. At lower temperature, there occurs another instability which could correspond to a complete ordering in the crystal.     

Minimax estimates for functionals of solutions of wave equations with time-periodic right-hand sides

Minimax mean-square estimates for the velocity potential in the steady regime, as well as for the intensities of harmonic ponts sources, are obtained from the results of inaccurate measurements of the potential. Bibliography: 4 titles. Translated fromObchyslyuval’na ta Prykladna Matematyka, No. 77, 1993, pp 87–96.     

Exchange interactions of excitons localized at opposite interfaces in type-II GaAs/AlAs superlattices: Optically detected magnetic resonance and level anticrossing

Two types of excitons, localized at opposite interfaces and characterized by different magnitudes of the exchange interactions at the same radiation energies, are simultaneously in type-II GaAs/AlAs superlattices. It is shown that the additional long-wavelength luminescence line in superlattices grown with growth interruptions after the GaAs layers is due to the recombination of an exciton localized at an inverted interface in regions where the quantum-well width is increased by one monolayer. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 64, No. 10, 701–706 (25 November 1996)     

Simulated cosmic strings in a “big bang” in superfluid3He at 100 μK

During studies of the impact of single neutrons on superfluid³He at around 100μK we have measured the thermal energy released in the superfluid following the nuclear reaction, n+³He→p+³H+764keV. However, we find that the measured energy deposited in the quasiparticle system shortly after this reaction is substantially less than what we expect. We believe that this energy deficit represents that energy which has gone into the creation of vortices, in analogy to the creation of cosmic strings in the early universe via the Kibble mechanism. Furthermore, from the magnitude of the deficit, we can infer the vortex density which compares favorably with that predicted in Zurek’s scenairo.     

Coulomb blockade electrometer with a high-T c island

We report on a successful attempt to fabricate a Coulomb blockade electrometer consisting of an ultrasmall YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ (YBCO) island coupled to two gold electrodes through a high-resistance native surface tunnel barrier. A third electrode placed near the island was used as an electrostatic gate. Spectra typical for tunneling into the YBCO superconductor were reproducibly measured. At temperatures below 0.5 K the low-bias conductance was suppressed by the Coulomb blockade. The blockade could be periodically varied by the gate potential. An external magnetic field of up to 5 T strongly influenced the transport via the island but without any change in the period of the Coulomb oscillations. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 63, No. 2, 112–117 (25 January 1996) Published in English in the original Russian journal. Edited by Steve Torstveit.     

Spinor norms of local autometries of generalized quadratic lattices

It is proved that the group of spinor norms of autometries of a generalized quadratic lattice ℒ over the ring of integral elements v _p of a local field k _p , in the case wherep∤2 and ℒ is a generalized translation, is generated by the spinor norms of symmetries contained in the group of autometries of ℒ. As a corollary, an extension to the case of generalized quadratic lattices is given for known sufficient conditions of coincidence of the genus and the spinor genus of a quadratic lattice. Bibliography: 9 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 211, 1994, pp. 161–173. Translated by Yu. G. Teterin.     

Molecular electric field mapping of some anions and cations of 2- aminopurine and 6- thioguanine

Electric fields of the anions, cations and neutral forms of 2-aminopurine and 6-thioguanine have been mapped. Certain important features of the maps are similar to those found earlier in the neutral and ionic forms of adenine and guanine. The computed electric field patterns satisfactorily explain reactive sites and biological activity of the molecules.     

Formation of the structure and effective properties of composite material in the manufacture of shells with cross-ply reinforcement

Conclusion The proposed model of formation of the reinforcing framework in the manufacture of an axisymmetric shell by the CPW method makes it possible to numerically determine the thicknesses and rates of filling the layers, reinforcement angles as a function of the main parameters of the technological process, geometry of the mandrel, and characteristics of the reinforcing filament. It was established that the thicknesses of the layers, reinforcement rates and angles, and, as a consequence, the effective stiffness characteristics of the composite are substantially variable both along the meridian and over the thickness of the shell.Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, No. 5, pp. 609–617, September–October, 1992.The authors thank V. A. Frolov for the experimental results.     

To the problem of energy recuperation in gyrotrons

A relatively high level of the minimal electron energy at the gyrotron output even at very large spread in pitch factor is explained. An estimation of the recuperation efficiency, which can be obtained due to this effect, is given.