Ultrasound assisted supramolecular liquid phase microextraction procedure for Sudan I at trace level in environmental samples

A method based on supramolecular liquid phase microextraction has been developed for the preconcentration and determination of trace levels of Sudan I. 1-decanol and tetrahydrofuran were used as supramolecular solvent components. Trace levels of Sudan I were extracted into the extraction solvent phase at pH = 4.0 Analytical parameters such as pH value, supramolecular solvent volume, ultrasonication, centrifugation, model solution volume, matrix effects have been optimized. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification values for Sudan I were calculated as 1.74 μg L⁻¹ and 5.75 μg L⁻¹, respectively. In order to determine the accuracy of the method, addition and recovery studies were carried out to environmental samples.     

Synthesis of New Alicyclic Oxalamide Derivatives and Their Differential Immunomodulatory Activities on the Mammalian Cells

A series of novel alicyclic oxalamide derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of the N‐alicyclic secondary amine analogs with the intermediates obtained from the reaction of 2‐aminophenol derivatives and diethyl oxalate. Due to their similarities to the thalidomide, these compounds were synthesized as alternative anti‐inflammatory drug candidates. In order to test their efficacies, an in vitro inflammation model was utilized. In this model, macrophages be activated by a danger mimic lipopolysaccharide to produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages are the major cell types that produce cytokines against danger stimuli to regulate the local as well as systemic immune reactions. The alicyclic oxalamide derivatives' immunomodulatory potentials were tested in vitro on the macrophages. Based on our results, these molecules had differential effects on the production of the TNFα and IL6 pro‐inflammatory cytokines by the lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated macrophages. A set of the derivatives had adjuvant and immunostimulatory activities, while another group had anti‐inflammatory activities. Their differential effects on the production of the TNFα and IL6 open new venues for their medicinal applications. One can target a specific cytokine that has been associated with a certain disease while sparing the activity and production of the other cytokine by using a certain selection of the derivatives in our hands.     

A Simple Determination of Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Based on Fluorescence Quenching of Rhodamine 110 with FRET Mechanism

Journal of Fluorescence - Sensitive and selective detection of nitroaromatic explosives is an important issue in regard to human health, environment, public security and military issues. In this...     

On some λ difference sequence spaces of fractional order

In the present paper, the difference sequence spaces $c{s}_0^{\lambda }\left(\Delta \right),c{s}^{\lambda }\left(\Delta \right)$ and bs^λ(Δ) of nonabsolute type are generalized by introducing a generalized Λ difference operator $\Lambda \left({\Delta }^{\left(\stackrel{?}{\alpha }\right)}\right)$. Also, their Schauder basis are calculated and α-, β- and γ-duals of these spaces are investigated. Finally, some matrix transformations between these spaces and the basic sequence spaces ?_p, c and c₀ are characterized, where 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞.