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61.
Lithium–sulfur batteries have great potential as next-generation energy-storage devices because of their high theoretical charge-storage capacity and the low cost of the sulfur cathode. To accelerate the development of lithium–sulfur technology, it is necessary to address the intrinsic material and extrinsic technological challenges brought about by the insulating active solid-state materials and the soluble active liquid-state materials. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of module-designed carbon-coated separators, where the carbon coating layer on the polypropylene membrane decreases the irreversible loss of dissolved polysulfides and increases the reaction kinetics of the high-loading sulfur cathode. Eight different conductive carbon coatings were considered to investigate how the materials’ characteristics contribute to the lithium–sulfur cell’s cathode performance. The cell with a nonporous-carbon-coated separator delivered an optimized peak capacity of 1112 mA∙h g−1 at a cycling rate of C/10 and retained a high reversible capacity of 710 mA∙h g−1 after 200 cycles under lean-electrolyte conditions. Moreover, we demonstrate the practical high specific capacity of the cathode and its commercial potential, achieving high sulfur loading and content of 4.0 mg cm−2 and 70 wt%, respectively, and attaining high areal and gravimetric capacities of 4.45 mA∙h cm−2 and 778 mA∙h g−1, respectively. 相似文献
62.
微生物发酵作为一种新的制备多孔材料的方式, 将微生物发酵工程与发泡工程有机结合起来, 克服了传统制备方法需要特殊设备、 操作复杂、 后处理繁琐、 化学药品污染和成本昂贵等缺点, 受到了广泛关注.本文基于微生物发酵多孔材料的研究, 围绕多孔材料的定义和多孔水凝胶的分类及制备方式进行总结.针对微生物发酵诱导制备多孔材料的制备方法, 综合评述了该方法在染料吸附、 海水蒸发脱盐、 电磁屏蔽以及制备新型功能性生物材料等方面的应用.最后, 对微生物诱导制备多孔材料的未来发展进行了展望. 相似文献
63.
A chitosan-based biocompatible self-healing hydrogel has been facilely prepared and used for bioapplications. 相似文献
64.
65.
Extracts from Hericium erinaceus can cause neural cells to produce nerve growth factor (NGF) and protect against neuron death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol and hot water extracts from H. erinaceus solid-state fermented wheat product on the brain cells of zebrafish embryos in both pre-dosing protection mode and post-dosing repair mode. The results showed that 1% ethanol could effectively promote zebrafish embryo brain cell death. Both 200 ppm of ethanol and water extracts from H. erinaceus solid-state fermented wheat product protected brain cells and significantly reduced the death of brain cells caused by 1% ethanol treatment in zebrafish. Moreover, the zebrafish embryos were immersed in 1% ethanol for 4 h to cause brain cell damage and were then transferred and soaked in the 200 ppm of ethanol and water extracts from H. erinaceus solid-state fermented wheat product to restore the brain cells damaged by the 1% ethanol. However, the 200 ppm extracts from the unfermented wheat medium had no protective and repairing effects. Moreover, 200 ppm of ethanol and water extracts from H. erinaceus fruiting body had less significant protective and restorative effects on the brain cells of zebrafish embryos. Both the ethanol and hot water extracts from H. erinaceus solid-state fermented wheat product could protect and repair the brain cells of zebrafish embryos damaged by 1% ethanol. Therefore, it has great potential as a raw material for neuroprotective health product. 相似文献
66.
Tian Fook Kong Pei Yen Tan Benjamin Zikai Tay Xinhui Shen Marcos 《Electrophoresis》2021,42(9-10):1070-1078
In this work, we aim to observe and study the physics of bacteria and cancer cells pearl chain formation under dielectrophoresis (DEP). Experimentally, we visualized the formation of Bacillus subtilis bacterial pearl chain and human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) chain under positive and negative dielectrophoretic force, respectively. Through a simple simulation with creeping flow, AC/DC electric fields, and particle tracing modules in COMSOL, we examined the mechanism by which bacteria self-organize into a pearl chain across the gap between two electrodes via DEP. Our simulation results reveal that the region of greatest positive DEP force shifts from the electrode edge to the leading edge of the pearl chain, thus guiding the trajectories of free-flowing particles toward the leading edge via positive DEP. Our findings additionally highlight the mechanism why the free-flowing particles are more likely to join the existing pearl chain rather than starting a new pearl chain. This phenomenon is primarily due to the increase in magnitude of electric field gradient, and hence DEP force exerted, with the shortening gap between the pearl chain leading edge and the adjacent electrode. The findings shed light on the observed behavior of preferential pearl chain formation across electrode gaps. 相似文献
67.
Cycloaddition of 1,3-diphenyl-2-azaallyllithium to tolane, diphenylbutadiyne and 1,4-diphenylbutenyne E produces quantitatively 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylpyrrole, 3-phenylethynyl-2,4,5-triphenyl-3-pyrroline and 3-phenylethynyl-2,4,5-triphenylpyrrolidine, respectively. Treatment before hydrolysis with benzyl bromide or dimethl sulfide gives N-alkyl-substituted derivatives. The structure of 3-pyrrolines was established by spectral data and chemical correlations. Stereochemical courses of this new synthetic method for 3-pyrrolines are discussed. 相似文献
68.
Mitchell D. Nothling John E. Daniels Yen Vo Ivan Johan Martina H. Stenzel 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(20):e202218955
Piezocatalysis offers a means to transduce mechanical energy into chemical potential, harnessing physical force to drive redox reactions. Working in the solid state, we show here that piezoelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles can transduce mechanical load into a flux of reactive radical species capable of initiating solid state free radical polymerization. Activation of a BaTiO3 powder by ball milling, striking with a hammer, or repeated compressive loading generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH), which readily initiate radical chain growth and crosslinking of solid acrylamide, acrylate, methacrylate and styrenic monomers. Control experiments indicate a critical role for chemisorbed water on the BaTiO3 nanoparticle surface, which is oxidized to ⋅OH via mechanoredox catalysis. The force-induced production of radicals by compressing dry piezoelectric materials represents a promising new route to harness mechanical energy for solid state radical synthesis. 相似文献
69.
Palladium-promoted vinylation of cyclohexenes via employment of a directing-group strategy to yield the coupled vinyl cyclohexenes with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity was studied. Typically, reaction of 2-(cyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-N-tosylacetamide ( 1a ) with (Z)-styryl bromides ( 2 ) gave cis-2-[(E)-styryl]cyclopent-3-en-1-yl-N-tosylacetamides in good to excellent yields. It is noticed that (Z)-styryl moiety was inverted into (E)-form in products. Unfortunately, (E)-styryl bromide substrates were not suitable for this reaction under the condition investigated. Further studies on norbornene system, we found that palladium-catalyzed reaction of endo-N-tosylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxamide ( 6 ) with styryl bromides gave the Aza-Heck type products. 相似文献
70.
以GdPO4为基质,Sm3+为激活剂,采用水热法合成了纳米荧光粉前驱体,分别在800、900、1 000、1 100和1 200℃下焙烧,得到一系列GdPO4∶Sm3+荧光粉。首先探究了GdPO4∶Sm3+的最佳焙烧温度;其次研究了Sm3+掺杂浓度对GdPO4∶Sm3+荧光性能的影响;最后研究了GdPO4∶2% Sm3+的高温荧光性能和磁性能。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、磁强计和荧光分光光度计(FL)对荧光粉的晶体结构、形貌、发光和磁性能进行了表征。结果表明:荧光粉的晶体结构由前驱体六方晶系GdPO4·H2O∶Sm3+变为单斜晶系的GdPO4∶Sm3+,形貌由纳米棒变为无规则块体。当焙烧温度为1 000℃,Sm3+掺杂浓度为2%时,荧光粉的发光强度和荧光寿命达到最大值。GdPO4∶2% Sm3+中Sm3+之间能量传递类型为电偶极-电偶极相互作用,能量传递的临界距离为1.646~1.884 nm。最佳样品GdPO4∶2% Sm3+有优异的热稳定性,热猝灭活化能为-0.157 eV,且具有良好的顺磁性,质量磁化率值为1.22×10-4 emu·g-1·Oe-1。 相似文献