CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED ENDEMIC SEABIRDS WITHIN A MULTI‐PREDATOR CONTEXT: THE BARAU'S PETREL IN RÉUNION ISLAND

Abstract Seabirds breeding on islands are vulnerable to introduced predators, such as rats and cats, and the removal of such predators is generally viewed as a priority for seabird conservation and restoration. However, multiple invasive mammal species interacting may generate unexpected outcomes following the removal (eradication) of one species. Generally these indirect interactions are not well understood or demonstrated. We propose and study a prey (seabird)‐mesopredator (rat)‐superpredator (cat) model, taking into account the juvenile stages in the prey population, in order to direct conservation management for seabird conservation. We give a more biologically realistic differential system than those studied before (Courchamp et al. [1999] ; Fan et al. [2005] ), in particular for long‐lived seabird species. We present a theoretical study and show existence and uniqueness of a positive solution as well as a qualitative study of the equilibria that may appear. Because standard numerical methods, usually implemented in scientific softwares, can fail to give the right biological approximations ( Anguelov et al. [2009] ), we propose a reliable algorithm that preserves most of the qualitative properties of the continuous system, using the theory of nonstandard finite difference methods. Finally, we use biologically realistic parameters available for the representative Barau's petrel (Pinet et al. [2008] ), an endemic species from Réunion island, to present numerical simulations that support the theoretical study. Cats play the major role in seabird prey population dynamics. Seasonality in seabird breeding delays but does not prevent extinction. In all scenarios, cat control (or preferably eradication) is imperative to prevent extinction of vulnerable long‐lived seabirds, like the Barau's petrel.     

Suzuki Reaction of Aryl Bromides Using a Phosphine-Free Magnetic Nanoparticle-Supported Palladium Catalyst

A palladium catalyst immobilized on superparaganetic nanoparticles was prepared with a palladium loading of 0.30 mmol/g. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and nitrogen adsorption. The immobilized palladium catalyst was an efficient catalyst without added phosphine ligands for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of several aryl bromides with phenylboronic acid. The recovery of catalyst was simply by magnetic decantation in the presence of a magnet. The immobilized palladium catalyst can be reused many times without significant degradation in catalytic activity. No leaching of active palladium species into the reaction solution was detected.     

Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Stability of a Ternary Cu(Ⅱ) complex with 1,10-Phenanthroline and L-Valinate

Introduction It is important to research the mixed-ligand copper complexes containing bioligands,such as amino acids, nucleic acids and proteins,in exploring the functional mechanism of microelement copper in organism because the reaction of any micronutrient with two or more bioligands in the concentrated bioligands background gives mixed-ligand ternary complexes, which are more stable[1]and related with storage of substance and transportation of metal ions in the life process.     

γ-Al2O3负载Cr促进SO2-4/ZrO2固体超强酸研究

将Ｃｒ促进的ＳＯ＾２－４／ＺｒＯ２（ＳＺ）固体超强酸Ｃｒ－ＳＺ负载于γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体上,制成Ｃｒ－ＳＺ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３系列固体超强酸,利用探针反应考察了其超强酸性,中强酸性和弱酸性的变化情况,详细研究了样品的比表面、硫含量、ＺｒＯ２晶化情况及正丁烷低温异构化反应活性,结果发现,负载后部分Ｃｒ－ＳＺ的正丁烷低温异构化反应活性显著提高,含铬样品酸强度和脱氢性能的增强对其正丁烷异构化反应活性的提高均有贡献,样品酸性和脱氢性之间的合适匹配使Ｃｒ－ＳＺ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３显示出很高的正丁烷异构化反应活性。     

非晶态(Fe1-xWx)84.5B15.5合金的低温电阻率反常

研究了(Fe_1-xW_x)_84.5B_15.5(x=0—0.1)非晶态合金的电阻率ρ与温度T(4.2—300K)的关系。实验结果表明,在所研究浓度区域内均出现电阻率与温度关系的极小值,电阻率极小值的温度T_min在x=0.06时出现峰值。用x=0.02—0.1浓度区域内,当Tmin时,又出现了电阻率与温度关系的极大值,电阻率极大值的温度T_max在26—35K之间。低温电阻率反常现象与类Kondo效应及局域磁矩之间RKKY相互作用有关。 关键词：     

水基切伦科夫μ子探测器的研究

利用高速带电粒子在透明介质中产生切伦科夫辐射的特性,以蒸馏水作为辐射介质,搭建了一个小尺寸(π×22.52cm2×45 cm)的切伦科夫探测器,对能量在GeV量级的μ子进行了相应的测量,考虑其他能量损耗、光传输和收集效率、阴极量子效率后,实验结果与理论估计值有比较高的相符度,可以初步断定仪器具备探测GeV量级μ子的能力.     

W/MCM-41催化丙烯醇环氧化

用水热法合成了MCM-41介孔分子筛,并通过浸渍法制备了MCM-41负载钨催化剂。以丙烯醇(AAL)为底物,30%H2O2为氧化剂,合成了缩水甘油。实验考察了反应溶剂、反应温度、催化剂用量、反应物配比、反应时间等工艺条件对丙烯醇环氧化反应的影响。结果表明,当W/MCM-41催化剂用量为50 mg     

FTIR光谱仪中基于定镜调整的动镜运动控制研究

动镜是FTIR光谱仪中唯一不断运动的部件,动镜的匀速运动性能以及动镜与定镜的准直性好坏影响干涉效果和光谱图质量,直接制约着仪器的精度和分辨率,对仪器整体指标起着重要作用。文章围绕FTIR光谱仪中干涉仪动镜运动的匀速性以及其与定镜的准直性展开研究,使用相位检测技术对定镜的姿态作出动态调整以补偿动镜与定镜间的倾斜夹角,并且设计了具有磁悬浮特点的动镜支撑系统。文章采用改进的模糊PID控制算法实现动镜运动速度的精确调节,对该控制方案从硬件设计和算法上实现。结果表明所研发的动镜运动控制系统具有足够的精度和实时性,能够保证FTIR光谱仪中干涉仪所需的准直性及动镜匀速性的要求。     

正电子产生靶上初级电子束半径的最小化研究

为获得尽可能高的正电子(e⁺)产额,严格控制初级电子(e^－)束在e⁺产生靶上的束半径是至关重要的.首先分析了使e^－束半径增大的各因素和对这些因素的制约;然后以北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)的正电子源为例,给出了束半径的实测值和计算值的比较,以具体说明这些因素的影响;最后讨论了北京正负电子对撞机二期工程(BEPC-Ⅱ)的相应优化设计研究,提出了获得靶上最小束半径的若干途径.     

Quantum Effects of a Dissipative Mesoscopic Circuit with Mutual Inductance

We study the quantum fluctuations of the charge and current of two L-C dissipative mesoscopic circuit with the mutual inductance in the vacuum state.Our results show that the system state will evolve to a squeezed coherent state under the effect of external source.We find that the squeezing amplitude parameter is relative to the parameters of circuit and the mutual-inductance coefficient in the existence of dissipation.When the circuit has no dissipation or there is complete coupling between two meshes,the squeezing amplitude parameter only depends on the capacitance‘s ratio.