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We consider the task of computing solutions of linear systems that only differ by a shift with the identity matrix as well as linear systems with several different right-hand sides. In the past, Krylov subspace methods have been developed which exploit either the need for solutions to multiple right-hand sides (e.g. deflation type methods and block methods) or multiple shifts (e.g. shifted CG) with some success. In this paper we present a block Krylov subspace method which, based on a block Lanczos process, exploits both features—shifts and multiple right-hand sides—at once. Such situations arise, for example, in lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) simulations within the Rational Hybrid Monte Carlo (RHMC) algorithm. We present numerical evidence that our method is superior compared to applying other iterative methods to each of the systems individually as well as, in typical situations, to shifted or block Krylov subspace methods. 相似文献
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Beinhoff M Appapillai AT Underwood LD Frommer JE Carter KR 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(6):2411-2414
A new procedure is described for surface grafting polymer brushes by step-growth polymerization from initiator-embedded polymeric thin films and micron- and nanometer-scale patterns. An imprint lithographic process, nanocontact molding, was used to prepare thin patterned cross-linked polyacrylate network films on silicon wafers that incorporated 4-bromostyrene in the networks. These networks present reactive 4-bromophenyl functionality at the surface that act as attachment sites for the subsequent Ni(0)- mediated step-growth condensation polymerization of 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dihexylfluorene The step-growth polymerization medium consisted of 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dihexylfluorene, Ni(0)-catalyst, and bipyridine in a toluene/dimethylformamide solvent mixture. The resulting growth of polydihexylfluorene brushes from the patterned surface was monitored by contact angle, optical spectrometry, surface profilometry and AFM. Brush growth was conducted from patterned features ranging from 100 microm to 100 nm in width and 50 nm in height. The optical and fluorescence behavior of the polyfluorene brushes was similar to that of thin polyfluorene films made by spin coating. 相似文献
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H. P. Lang V. Thommen-Geiser C. Bolm M. Felder J. Frommer R. Wiesendanger H. Werner R. Schlögl A. Zahab P. Bernier G. Gerth D. Anselmetti H. -J. Güntherodt 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1993,56(3):197-205
Fullerene powder mixtures with different C60/C70 ratios have been analyzed by a variety of techniques, and results have been compared. The fullerence mixtures have been characterized as solutions in n-hexane by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Thin films of fullerenes on Au(111) have been prepared from the mixtures by sublimation. The sublimation process has been studied by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. Thin fullerene films on Au(111) have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM images show primarily two types of ballshaped molecules arranged in a lattice with hexagonal symmetry (fcc(111) face, nearest neighbour distance: 1 nm). The two species differ in diameter. STM images of films made of mixtures of different C60/C70 ratios show that C70 molecules display a larger apparent diameter (0.8 nm) and corrugation than C60 molecules (0.7 nm). The C60/C70 ratios obtained by counting the corresponding molecular species in the STM images of the thin films are compared to the C60/C70 ratios determined by HPLC on hexane solutions of the mixtures. The observed differences might be explained by different rates of sublimation for the two species. The STM images reveal film defects (vacancies and boundaries) and dynamic processes (displacement of C70 molecules and vacancies). In films prepared to have a C60 coverage of less than one monolayer, stable structural units of the C60(111) surface consisting of three or seven C60 molecules are revealed by STM. Occasionally, substructure within individual fullerene molecules is observed. 相似文献
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Asynchronous two-stage iterative methods 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Summary.
Parallel block two-stage iterative methods
for the solution of linear systems of algebraic equations are studied.
Convergence is shown for monotone matrices and for -matrices.
Two different asynchronous versions of these methods
are considered and their convergence investigated.
Received September 7, 1993 / Revised version received April
21, 1994 相似文献
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Mordechai Shporer Alexander J. Vega Moshe A. Frommer 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1974,12(4):645-654
The NMR spectra of water adsorbed at various relative humidities on various cellulose ester membranes have been studied. Membranes of cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose triacetate (CTA), and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) were investigated. It was found that the resonance peak of a liquid imbibed in or adsorbed on membranes from high relative humidity is very sensitive to the angle between the membrane plane and the direction of the magnetic field, shifting 5–7 ppm to higher fields as the membrane plane is rotated from a perpendicular to a parallel position with respect to the direction of the external magnetic field. This phenomenon was found to be independent of the nature of the polymeric material (namely CA, CTA, or CAB), porosity of the membrane (varying from an “all bulk” dense sheet to an 80% porosity and 0.2 μm average pore size membrane), nature of the magnetic nuclei (H2O or D2O), intensity of the external magnetic field (60 Mcps or 100 Mcps), and nature of the liquid in the membrane (water, methanol, or n-hexane). It is therefore concluded that the dependence of the position of the resonance peak on the position of the membrane plane with respect to the external magnetic field, is a geometrical phenomenon due to the magnetic “bulk susceptibility” of the medium. Quantitative estimations of the magnitude of the diamagnetic susceptibility effect in a cylindrically rolled sheet are given. These estimates agree well with the experimentally observed “splittings.” 相似文献
10.
M.H. Frommer J. Bostock Kofi Agyeman R.M. Rose M.L.A. MacVicar 《Solid State Communications》1973,13(9):1357-1359
No evidence for a superconducting tunneling s-band energy gap in single crystal Nb has been observed for any of the main symmetry directions investigated in Nb-oxide-Pb0.7Bi0.3 and Nb-oxide-In junctions. 相似文献