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61.
The nucleophilic attack of hydroxylamine at the 5 position of 2-aryl-4-trifluoroacetyl-5-amino-oxazoles leads to a mixture of stereoisomeric isoxazolines. Dehydration of these isomeric isoxazolines in the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride gives 3-amino-4-acylamino-5-trifluoromethylisoxazoles. The structures and spectroscopic data of these compounds are discussed. 相似文献
62.
Formation of Organosilicon Compounds. 89. Selective Photobromination of Si-methylated Carbosilanes A selective photobromination of the C atoms in the skeleton of Si-methylated carbosilanes is reported. (me3Si? CH2)2Sime2 reacts to me3Si? CBr2? Sime2? CH2? Sime3 in good yields (me = CH3); the second CH2 group is considerably slower brominated. Photobromination of (me2Si? CH2)3 consecutively yields a and b . Also from (me2Si? CH2)4 the derivative with one CBr2 group is accessible. Bromination of tertiary CH groups is highly preferred; this is shown by the selective formation of c . The C-bromination of SiBr-substituted carbosilanes is significantly more difficult; nevertheless (Brme2Si)2CH2 selectively forms (Brme2Si)2CBr2. Brme2Si? CH2? Sime2? CH2? Sime3 forms Brme2Si? CH2? Sime2? CBr2? Sime3, i. e., only the CH2 group non-adjacent to SiBr is attacked. The formation of CHBr groups could not be detected. Higher temperatures and longer reaction times increase the formation of polymers. 相似文献
63.
Formation of Organosilicon Compounds. LI. Reactions of Various Chlorinated 1.3.5-Trisilacyclohexanes with CH3MgCl and their 29SiNMR Spectra The reaction of (a) with meMgCl starts with the formation of a Grignard compound of (a) and forms (c) via (b). The reaction sequence will be described. The ring contraction of the six-membered ringsystem is also observed with compound (d) leading to (e), whereas (f) reacts to (g), the ringsystem being maintained. No ring-contraction is observed when investigating the reactions of the derivatives containing Si? H- and C? Cl-groups. Compound (i) gives rise to (j), (k) to (l) whereas cleavage occurs with (m) and (n) does not react under the conditions applied. According to the PMR and 29SiNMR spectra, the polarity of the Si? Cl-bond decreases in the compounds containing Si? Cl and CCl-groups by increasing the number of CCl2 groups. In the compounds containing Si? H and C? Cl-groups the polarity of the Si? H-bond increases with the degree of chlorination at the C-atom. By that, the different chemical behaviour can be understood. The preparations of the starting compounds are described. 相似文献
64.
65.
Naringinase from Penicillium species—containing α-l-rhamnosidase and β-d-glucosidase activity—immobilized on silicate carriers can be used as a mild and effective means to cleave naturally occurring
glycosides into their aglycones and sugar components. The procedure was tested with flavonoid-, anthraquinone-, and steroidglycosides.
Since the solubility of such compounds is limited in aqueous solutions, a simple batch procedure has been developed to convert
solid substrates suspended in only small amounts of buffer to the desired products with high yields. 相似文献
66.
Miyagi K Sampson RW Sieber-Blum M Sieber F 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》2003,70(3):133-144
The purpose of this study was to determine in a preclinical purging model, how effective crystal violet-mediated photodynamic therapy (CV-PDT) is against solid tumor and drug-resistant mutant tumor cells, and if certain limitations of CV-PDT can be overcome by using crystal violet (CV) in combination with the membrane-active photosensitizer, Merocyanine 540 (MC540). When used under conditions that preserved an adequate fraction of normal human granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM), CV-PDT failed to achieve meaningful reductions of DU145 prostate, H69 small cell lung cancer, and MDA-MB-435S breast cancer cells. Melphalan-resistant L1210/L-PAM1, adriamycin-resistant P388/ADR, and adriamycin-resistant HL-60/ADR leukemia cells were markedly less sensitive to CV-PDT than their wild-type counterparts, whereas cisplatin-resistant H69/CDDP cells were more sensitive than wild-type H69 cells. Sequential exposure to MC540- and CV-PDT under conditions that preserved an adequate fraction (73% and 29%, respectively) of normal CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells and granulocyte/macrophage progenitors was highly effective against H69 (99.997% reduction) and H69/CDDP (99.999% reduction) cells, but ineffective against HL-60/ADR, MDA-MB-435S, and DU145 cells. CV thus shows only limited promise as a single-modality purging agent. However, in certain situations, clinically meaningful tumor cell depletions can be obtained by using CV in combination with a second photosensitizer such as MC540. 相似文献
67.
Formation of Organosilicon Compounds. 70. Reactions of Si-fluorinated 1,3,5-Trisilapentanes with CH3MgCl and LiCH3 F3Si? CCl2? SiF2? CH2? SiF3 3 reacts with meMgCl. (me = Ch3 starting with a Si-methylation and not with a C-metallation as in the corresponding Si- and C-chlorinated compounds, e. g. (Cl3Si? CCl2)2SiCl2 [2]. A CCl-hydrogenation is observed too, which in the case of F3Si? CCl2? SiF2? CHCl? SiF3 4 gives meS3Si? CCl2? Sime2? CH2? Sime3. (F3Si? CCl2)2 5 reacts with meMgCl to form preferentially 1,2-Disilapropanes by cleaving a Si? Cbond. The isolation of F3Si? CCl2H and meF2Si? CCl2? SiF2me allows to locate the bond where 5 is cleaved at the beginning of the reaction. With meLi 5 reacts to form mainly me3Si? C?C? Sime3, showing that in the reaction of meLi, being a stronger reagent than meMgCl, and 5 a C-metallation occurs, following the same mechanism as in the reaction with (Cl3Si? CCl2)2)SiCl2 [2]. The reaction conditions for the synthesis of Si-fluroinated and C-chlorinated 1,3,5-Trisilapentanes in a 0.1 mol scale are reported. N.m.r. data of all investigated compounds are tabulated. 相似文献
68.
Linear, high molecular weight aryleneisopropylidene (AIP) polymers have been synthesized via Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions. Monomers such as p-bis-2-chloroiso-propylbenzene condense readily with arylene compounds of high electron density such as naphthalene and diphenyl ether. Catalytic amounts of tritylhexafluoroarsenate catalysts in combination with aluminum chloride and nitrobenzene direct the synthetic reactions towards a pure AIP structure. Side reactions which give polyindane structures through dimerization of p-bis(2-chloroisopropyl)benzene are eliminated when the polymerization temperature is kept below ?20°C. The preferred solvents are chlorinated compounds. A wide range of structural modifications and properties can be obtained by varying the monomer combinations. Desirable physical properties of AIP polymers include clarity, rigidity, impact toughness, oxidative stability, and resistance to stress cracking. 相似文献
69.
The effect of dimethyl sulphoxide on the anion-exchange behaviour of many metals m a methanolic system with hydrochloric acid was explored. Distribution coefficients for 26 elements were determined in a mixed solvent system of dimethyl sulphoxide-methanol-0.6M hydrochloric acid, in which the proportions of dimethyl sulphoxide and methanoi were varied. Lead(II) and silver(I) complexes are soluble in this system. Interesting effects were noted for gold(III), iron(III), molybdenum(VI) and uranium(VI). As a measure of the usefulness of the systems studied, 27 anion-exchange separations of two- to four-component mixtures of metal ions were carried out, each with quantitative results. 相似文献
70.
The Formation of Disilylphosphino-Element Compounds of C, Si, P The reactions of (me3Si)2PLi · OR2 a (OR2 = 1 monoglyme or 2 THF; me = CH3) with CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, ClCH2CH2Cl and ClCH2? C6H5 give the compounds (me3Si)2Pme, (me3Si)2P? CH2? P(Sime3)2, (me3Si)2P? CH2CH2Cl, (me3Si)2P? CH2CH2? P(Sime3)2 and (me3Si)2P? CH2C6H5 respectively. In the same manner a reacts with me2SiCl2 in a molar ratio 1:1 to (me3Si)2P? Sime2Cl and in a molar ratio 2:1 to (me3Si)2P? Sime2? P(Sime3)2 b . The compound b decomposes to [me3SiP? Sime2]2 and (me3Si)3P at 220°C. In the reactions of a with ClP(C6H5)2 and ClPme2 the compounds (me3Si)2P? P(C6H5)2 and (me3Si)2P? Pme2, respectively, are obtained. a reacts with HgCl2 to (me3Si)2P? P(Sime3)2. (me3Si)3P can be cleaved with ClP(C6H5)2 and ClPme2 yielding (me3Si)2P? P(C6H5)2 and (me3Si)2P? Pme2, respectively. The 1H- and 31P-n.m.r. and mass spectroscopic data are reported. 相似文献