Graphitization of activated carbon under high pressures and high temperatures

Activated carbon was treated at 5.0 GPa up to 1600 ^°C and the structural evolution in the graphitization process was investigated. The graphitization temperature is reduced to 1200 ^°C at 5 GPa, as reflected by x-ray diffraction patterns. Honeycomb-like structures come into being in the high-pressure sintering temperature range of 1000–1100 ^°C and slice-like structures appear after graphitization. Raman frequency and half width drop drastically near the graphitization temperature, and the appearance of D and D′ lines indicates there are still some disorder structures in the graphitized activated carbon.     

Simulations of Co‐GISAXS during kinetic roughening of growth surfaces

The recent development of surface growth studies using X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy in a grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (Co‐GISAXS) geometry enables the investigation of dynamical processes during kinetic roughening in greater detail than was previously possible. In order to investigate the Co‐GISAXS behavior expected from existing growth models, calculations and (2+1)‐dimension simulations of linear Kuramoto–Sivashinsky and non‐linear Kardar–Parisi–Zhang surface growth equations are presented which analyze the temporal correlation functions of the height–height structure factor. Calculations of the GISAXS intensity auto‐correlation functions are also performed within the Born/distorted‐wave Born approximation for comparison with the scaling behavior of the height–height structure factor and its correlation functions.     

First-principle calculations of structural,electronic, optical,elastic and thermal properties of $$\hbox {MgXAs}_{2}$$ ($$\hbox {X}=\hbox {Si}, \hbox {Ge}$$X=Si,Ge) compounds

First-principle calculations on the structural, electronic, optical, elastic and thermal properties of the chalcopyrite \(\hbox {MgXAs}_{2}\) (\(\hbox {X}=\hbox {Si}, \hbox {Ge}\)) have been performed within the density functional theory (DFT) using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The obtained equilibrium structural parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental data and theoretical results. The calculated band structures reveal a direct energy band gap for the interested compounds. The predicted band gaps using the modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) exchange approximation are in fairly good agreement with the experimental data. The optical constants such as the dielectric function, refractive index, and the extinction coefficient are calculated and analysed. The independent elastic parameters namely, \(C_{11}\), \(C_{12}\), \(C_{13}\), \(C_{33}\), \(C_{44}\) and \(C_{66 }\) are evaluated. The effects of temperature and pressure on some macroscopic properties of \(\hbox {MgSiAs}_{2}\) and \(\hbox {MgGeAs}_{2}\) are predicted using the quasiharmonic Debye model in which the lattice vibrations are taken into account.     

Spin dynamics in LiCu<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> and NaCu<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> low-dimensional helical magnets

Comprehensive NMR investigation of low-frequency spin dynamics of LiCu₂O₂ (LCO) and NaCu₂O₂ (NCO) low-dimensional helical magnets in the paramagnetic state has been carried out for the first time. Temperature dependences of the spin–lattice relaxation rate and anisotropy on various LCO/NCO nuclei have been determined at various orientations of single crystals in an external magnetic field. The spatial asymmetry of spin fluctuations in LCO multiferroic has been discovered. The quantitative analysis of the anisotropy of spin–lattice relaxation in LCO/NCO has allowed estimating the contributions of individual neighboring Cu²⁺ ions to the transferred hyperfine field on Li⁺(Na⁺) ions.     

Planarization of a surface of nanoporous silica–titania composition by atomic-molecular chemical assembly

The processes involved in the planarization of the surface of nanoporous SiO₂ by the atomicmolecular deposition of nanoscale TiO₂ films were studied in regimes with different degrees of penetration of TiO₂ into SiO₂ nanopores. The technological process parameters that correspond to different regimes of surface planarization were examined. The degree of penetration of TiO₂ into SiO₂ nanopores was monitored using reflection ellipsometry by measuring the depth distribution of the refraction index within the two-layer model.     

Field sources in a Lorentz-symmetry breaking scenario with a single background vector

The present work is a generalization of the recent work [arXiv.1206.1420] on the modified Hawking temperature on the event horizon. Here the Hawking temperature is generalized by multiplying the modified Hawking temperature by a variable parameter \(\alpha \) representing the ratio of the growth rate of the apparent horizon to that of event horizon. It is found that both the first and the generalized second law of thermodynamics are valid on the event horizon for any fluid distribution. Subsequently, the Bekenstein entropy is modified on the event horizon and the thermodynamical laws are examined. Finally, an interpretation of the parameters involved is presented.     

Lie and Noether symmetries of systems of complex ordinary differential equations and their split systems

The Lie and Noether point symmetry analyses of a kth-order system of m complex ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with m dependent variables are performed. The decomposition of complex symmetries of the given system of complex ODEs yields Lie- and Noether-like operators. The system of complex ODEs can be split into 2m coupled real partial differential equations (PDEs) and 2m Cauchy–Riemann (CR) equations. The classical approach is invoked to compute the symmetries of the 4m real PDEs and these are compared with the decomposed Lie- and Noether-like operators of the system of complex ODEs. It is shown that, in general, the Lie- and Noether-like operators of the system of complex ODEs and the symmetries of the decomposed system of real PDEs are not the same. A similar analysis is carried out for restricted systems of complex ODEs that split into 2m coupled real ODEs. We summarize our findings on restricted complex ODEs in two propositions.     

Estimates for Parameters and Characteristics of the Confining SU(3)-gluonic Field in ϕ-meson from Leptonic Widths

The paper is devoted to applying the confinement mechanism proposed earlier by one of the authors to estimate the possible parameters of the confining SU(3)-gluonic field in vector ?-meson. The estimates obtained are consistent with the leptonic widths of the given meson. The corresponding estimates of the gluon concentrations, electric and magnetic colour field strengths are also adduced for the mentioned field at the scales of the meson under consideration.