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51.
Two-color operation in free-electron laser (FEL) amplifiers is studied using a 3D nonlinear polychromatic simulation. We assume the FEL is seeded at two closely spaced wavelengths within the gain band, and study the growth of the seeds and a discrete spectrum of beat waves that are outside the gain band. The beat waves grow parasitically due to electron bunching in the seeded waves with growth rates higher than the seeded waves. Injection of narrow-band seeds ensures a discrete spectrum. An example is discussed corresponding to an x-ray FEL; however, the physics is applicable to all spectral ranges. 相似文献
52.
Small bimetallic Pd-Fe particles supported on a well ordered alumina film grown on NiAl (1 1 0) were studied focusing on the geometric, electronic, adsorption, as well as magnetic properties. The morphology, growth mode and surface composition were investigated by combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared spectroscopy (IRAS) using CO as a probe molecule. Information on the electronic properties of the bimetallic systems was obtained by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These measurements were amended by in situ ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy to address the magnetic properties of the bimetallic particles. The subsequent deposition of the metals at 300 K varying the order of metal deposition resulted in two distinct bimetallic systems. Pd deposited on existing Fe particles forms a shell, however, FMR and XPS suggest that intermixing of Pd and Fe occurs to some extent. For the reverse order, a larger amount of Fe is required to coat Pd particles, due to the strong tendency of Pd to segregate to the surface of the particles. 相似文献
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Löffler D Uhlrich JJ Baron M Yang B Yu X Lichtenstein L Heinke L Büchner C Heyde M Shaikhutdinov S Freund HJ Włodarczyk R Sierka M Sauer J 《Physical review letters》2010,105(14):146104
Thin SiO? films were grown on a Ru(0001) single crystal and studied by photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy. The experimental results in combination with density functional theory calculations provide compelling evidence for the formation of crystalline, double-layer sheet silica weakly bound to a metal substrate. 相似文献
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Alt C Anticic T Baatar B Barna D Bartke J Betev L Białkowska H Billmeier A Blume C Boimska B Botje M Bracinik J Bramm R Brun R Buncić P Cerny V Christakoglou P Chvala O Cramer JG Csató P Darmenov N Dimitrov A Dinkelaker P Eckardt V Farantatos G Flierl D Fodor Z Foka P Freund P Friese V Gál J Gaździcki M Georgopoulos G Gładysz E Grebieszkow K Hegyi S Höhne C Kadija K Karev A Kliemant M Kniege S Kolesnikov VI Kollegger T Kornas E Korus R Kowalski M Kraus I Kreps M van Leeuwen M Lévai P Litov L 《Physical review letters》2005,94(19):192301
Results are presented on Omega production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 40 and 158A GeV beam energy. For the first time in heavy ion reactions, rapidity distributions and total yields were measured for the sum Omega(-) + Omega(+) at 40A GeV and for Omega(-) and Omega(+) separately at 158A GeV. The yields are strongly underpredicted by the string-hadronic UrQMD model but agree better with predictions from hadron gas models. 相似文献
58.
Thermoresponsive copolymer nanofilms for controlling cell adhesion, growth, and detachment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yang L Pan F Zhao X Yaseen M Padia F Coffey P Freund A Yang L Liu T Ma X Lu JR 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2010,26(22):17304-17314
This study reports the development and use of a novel thermoresponsive polymeric nanofilm for controlling cell adhesion and growth at 37 °C, and then cell detachment for cell recovery by subsequent temperature drop to the ambient temperature, without enzymatic cleavage or mechanical scraping. A copolymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (abbreviated PNIPAAm copolymer), was synthesized by free radical polymerization. The thermoresponses of the copolymer in aqueous solution were demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) through detecting the sensitive changes of copolymer aggregation against temperature. The DLS measurements revealed the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at approximately 30 °C. The PNIPAAm film stability and robustness was provided through silyl cross-linking within the film and with the hydroxyl groups on the substrate surface. Film thickness, stability, and reversibility with respect to temperature switches were examined by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. The results confirmed the high extent of thermosensitivity and structural restoration based on the alterations of film thickness and surface wettability. The effective control of adhesion, growth, and detachment of HeLa and HEK293 cells demonstrated the physical controllability and cellular compatibility of the copolymer nanofilms. These PNIPAAm copolymer nanofilms could open up a convenient interfacial mediation for cell film production and cell expansion by nonenzymatic and nonmechanical cell recovery. 相似文献
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