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51.
We report on the efficiency behavior of light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) fabricated from a methyl-substituted ladder-type poly(p-phenylene) (mLPPP) that was blended with a crown ether based solid state electrolyte. Unlike organic light-emitting diodes (oLEDs) utilizing mLPPP as an active layer, the LECs suffer from a loss of efficiency at elevated current densities. From scan rate dependent studies we deduce that this efficiency drop is not only due to device decomposition upon high voltage operation and we also reveal the intrinsic mode of LEC operation. The decreasing width of the intrinsic region between the p- and n-type doped zones upon ongoing pin-junction formation causes distinct (either field or electrode induced) luminance quenching effects. 相似文献
52.
Summary Fringelite D was synthesized from 1,3,6,8-tetramethoxyanthracen-9-olvia two different efficient routes. The first one involved demethylation and subsequent dimerization. The other one started with dimerization to yield octamethylfringelite D and subsequent demethylation. The starting material was prepared in four steps from commercially available educts, the key step being a benzamideortho-lithiation. The spectroscopic properties of fringelite D were measured and are discussed. The dissociation, deprotonation, and protonation equilibria of fringelite D were characterized by their respectivepK values in ground and excited states and compared with those of hypericin. Homo- and heteroassociation properties of fringelite D were found to be similar to those of hypericin.
Synthese und Eigenschaften von Fringelit D (1,3,4,6,8,10,11,13-Octahydroxy-phenanthro[1,10,9,8,o,p,q,r,a]perylen-7,14-dion)
Zusammenfassung Fringelit D wurde auf zwei effizienten Routen aus 1,3,6,8-Tetramethoxyanthracen-9-ol synthetisiert. Die erste umfaßt Demethylierung und anschließende Dimerisierung. Die andere beginnt mit der Dimerisierung zu Octamethylfringelit D und endet mit einer Demethylierung. Das Ausgangsmaterial wurde in vier Stufen aus kommerziell zugänglichen Edukten dargestellt; der Schlüsselschritt ist eineortho-Lithiierung eines Benzamids. Die spektroskopischen Eigenschaften von Fringelit D wurden gemessen und werden diskutiert. Die Dissoziations-, Deprotonierungs- und Protonierungsgleichgewichte wurden durch ihrepK-Werte in Grundzustand und angeregtem Zustand charakterisiert und mit jenen des Hypericins verglichen. Die Homo- und Hetero-assoziationseigenschaften von Fringelit D sind jenen des Hypericins ähnlich.相似文献
53.
John A. McNaney Franz M. Zimmerman Howard K. Zimmerman 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1984,115(8-9):1039-1045
The solubilities of potassium acetate and benzoate in aqueous 1,4-dioxane at a temperature of 85°C are reported together with a quasi-thermodynamic general treatment of the experimental results.This brief contribution is a second report upon the results of systematic solubility measurements, commenced with Ref.1, which have been performed by Dr.John A. McNaney during his abruptly truncated lifetime. 相似文献
54.
55.
Franz Heresch Guenter Allmaier Gottfried Heinisch 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1981,18(2):255-258
The electron impact mass spectrometric fragmentation of trans-3- and trans-4-styrylpyridazine is reported in detail, including a comparison with other aza-stilbenes. With regard to a distinction between the two isomeric styrylpyridazines, the intensity ratio of the M+ and [M-1]+ ions, the general degree of fragmentation and the elimination pathways of nitrogen proved to be most characteristic. 相似文献
56.
Laser flash photolysis and stopped-flow methods have been employed to determine the kinetics of the reactions of benzhydrylium ions with both termini of the thiocyanate ion. In contrast to previous investigations which reported sulfur/nitrogen ratios of k(S)/k(N) = 2-10 for the reactions of carbocations with SCN(-), values of k(S)/k(N) = 10(3)-10(4) are now derived from absolute rate constants. This discrepancy is explained by the fact that the data determined in this investigation are the first which refer to activation-controlled attack of carbocations at both termini of the thiocyanate ion, while previous reactivity ratios included diffusion-controlled reactions. It is concluded that the selectivities of the reactions of carbocations with the thiocyanate ion cannot be explained by the hard soft acid base principle. 相似文献
57.
Allenyl cations, generated from allenyl or alkynyl halides and Ag+, attack styrene at the side chain or at the aromatic nucleus. The allenyl/alkynyl product ratio is dependent on the structure of the precursor halide except for highly substituted systems. 相似文献
58.
Itamar Willner Mazzi Lion-Dagan Shai Rubin Johann Wonner Franz Effenberger Peter Bäuerle 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1994,59(4):491-496
Abstract α-Chymotrypsin exhibits photoswitchable activities in an organic solvent after covalent modification of the protein backbone with thiophenefulgide active ester (2). The thiophenefulgide-modified α-chymotrypsin exhibits reversible photoisomerizable properties between states (3)-E and (3)-C. The modified α-chymotrypsin, where nine lysine residues are substituted by thiophenefulgide units, retains 60% of the activity of the native enzyme. The activities of thiophenefulgide-modified α-chymotrypsin toward esterification of N -acetyl-L-phenylalanine (4) by ethanol in cyclohexane are controlled by the configuration of the attached photoisomerizable component and by prior bioimprinting of the protein backbone with the reaction substrate (4). The esterification of (4) in cyclohexane using bioimprinted (3)-C is two-fold faster than in the presence of (3)-E. In the presence of a nonbioimprinted enzyme, esterification of (4) by (3)-C is five-fold faster than with (3)-E. The activity of bioimprinted (3)-E toward esterification of (4) is 4.5-fold higher than that of nonbioimprinted (3)-E. Switchable cyclic esterification of (4) is accomplished by sequential photoisomerization of the thiophenefulgide-modified α-chymotrypsin between states (3)-C and (3)-E. 相似文献
59.
To screen for organic pigments, like fringelites or porphyrins, in sediments and fossil specimen, a simple diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopic determination was developed. In contrast to common inorganic pigments, like Fe2O3, these pigments exhibit well-structured characteristic absorption peaks which allow their recognition. This method was then used to identify fringelite H in a non-crinoidSolenopora species from the Jurassic. Reflectance FTIR spectroscopy proved not to be useful for this purpose. 相似文献
60.
Max Schmidt und Dieter Franz 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1965,215(5):395-400
Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Stibin beschrieben, das sich sowohl zur Analyse von SbH3 in organischen Lösungsmitteln als auch zur Bestimmung von flüssigem oder festem SbH3 eignet. Hierbei wird das Stibin mit überschüssigem Brom zu SbV oxydiert, danach mit SO2 zu SbIII reduziert und dieses oxydimetrisch mit Jod oder Bromat titriert.
Herrn Professor Dr. C. Mahr zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
Summary A method is proposed for the determination of stibine, applicable to its solutions in organic solvents and also to the solvent-free liquid or solid substance. The procedure involves oxidation of SbH3 with an excess of bromine to SbV, reduction to SbIII with SO2, and oxidimetric titration of the trivalent antimony with iodine or bromate.
Herrn Professor Dr. C. Mahr zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献