Simultaneous determination of butyltin and phenyltin species in sediments using ultrasound-assisted leaching

A fast and simple procedure is presented for the simultaneous leaching of butyl (mono, di and tributyl) and phenyl organotin species from sediment samples. Leached compounds are further ethylated with sodium tetraethylborate in aqueous medium, and analyzed by gas chromatography. After testing the stability of triphenyltin under different extraction conditions, ultrasound-assisted leaching at room temperature in the presence of acetic acid was been proposed as an extraction procedure compatible with the simultaneous determination of phenyl- and butyltin compounds in sediments. Recoveries between 70 and 90% were obtained for phenyl species in spiked samples prepared in the laboratory. Results for butyltin species were validated by use of the reference material PACS-2. Quantification limits, using GC-MIP-AES as measurement technique, were approximately 5-10 ng g(-1). Precision in the consecutive analysis of three sediment samples varied between 3 and 10%.     

Spectrophotometric study of bismuth with N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid (ADA): Determination of bismuth in pharmaceutical formulations

A new method for the Spectrophotometric determination of bismuth using N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid as complexometric agent is proposed. The complex is formed in a wide pH range, 5.5–7.5, and has a maximum absorption at 265 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the interval 3.8–17.9 μg of bismuth(III)/ml, with a minimum photometric error of 2.3. The molar absorptivity is 9.1 × 10³ liters/cm mol. The stoichiometry of the reaction takes place in the metal-to-ligand ratio 1:2. The interferences produced by the more common ions are studied. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of bismuth in pharmaceutical formulations.     

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis of drinking water using preconcentration of trace metals on chelating cellulose exchanger OSTSORB-OXIN

Determination of Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in drinking water preconcentrated on a chelating ion exchanger of Czechoslovak production is described. The analytical system consisted of a radionuclide source²³⁸Pu, a Si/Li semiconductor detector and a multichannel analyzer. Results are compared with trehshold limit values recommended for drinking water.     

Prediction of chromatographic parameters for some anilines by molecular connectivity

Summary The possible relation existing between R_F values obtained by thin-layer chromatography for a group of anilines with connectivity indices proposed by Kier and Hall has been studied. Using multivariable regression the corresponding connectivity functions, selected for their respective correlation coefficients, standard deviations, Snedecor's F and Student's t were obtained. Regression analysis of the connectivity functions gives a correct prediction of the experimental elution sequence for this group of substances on silica gel stationary phases and various mobile phases of different polarity. The corresponding random and stability studies of the different prediction models selected were carried out, showing good stability and null randomness in all cases.     

Applications of the dicarbollylcobaltate(III) anion in the water/nitrobenzene extraction system

The fundamental properties of the polyhedral sandwich dicarbollylcobaltate(III) anion {[pi-(3)-1,2-B(9)C(2)H(11)](2)Co(III)}(-) are given, together with results for extraction of alkali-metal, alkaline-earth metal and some other cations (e.g., H(+), Pb(2+), Pd(2+) and Ce(3+)) into nitrobenzene and corresponding analytical applications. Considerable attention is paid to charge-transfer through the water-nitrobenzene interface in the presence of this hydrophobic anion.     

Osmotischer Druck in reagierenden polymeren Lösungen

Zusammenfassung Die osmotische Steighöhe über einer Lösung makromolekularer Stoffe, in der chemische Reaktionen verlaufen, wird als Funktion der Zeit, der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und der Membranpermeabilität berechnet.Mit 1 AbbildungHerrn Prof. Dr.Emil Abel zum 80. Geburtstag in aufrichtiger Verehrung gewidmet.     

Parallel and multiplexed bead-based assays and encoding strategies

Advances in high throughput screening (HTS), together with the rapid progress in combinatorial chemistry, genomic and proteomic sciences have dramatically stimulated the development of a variety tools to enable the drug discovery process to become more efficient. Major future challenges in HTS include obtaining high density and good quality data based on assays that are rapid, reliable, inexpensive, sensitive, simple and miniaturised. This paper reviews the development and role of bead-based assays for HTS including DNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays, particularly from a multiplex perspective and evaluating the recent advances in bead-based arrays. The encoding strategies that are commonly used in bead-based assays are highlighted, while the importance of magnetic beads in genomic and proteomic purifications is discussed. In conclusion, bead-based assays offer a powerful promising approach for many aspects of drug discovery.     

Neutron activation analysis of microgram amounts of thorium in uranium ores and process liquors by means of thorium-233

A method is described for neutron activation analysis of thorium by employing thorium-233. Decontamination steps include anion exchange in 12.5 N HCL, precipitation of fluoride, extraction with mesityl oxide and thorium oxalate precipitation. The time spent is less than 1 h; spurious activities in counting samples amount only to 2% and can easily be corrected for. The sensitivity of the method is ca. 0.02 μg of thorium in a neutron flux of 10¹²n/cm²/sec with an irradiation time of 5 min.     

Synthetische Versuche in der Gruppe hypotensiv wirksamer Alkaloide, 13. Mitt.: Synthese vondl-10-Methyldeserpidin,dl-10-Äthoxydeserpidin unddl-10-Methylmercapto-deserpidin

Zusammenfassung Die durch Umsetzung von 5-Methyltryptamin, 5-Äthoxytryptamin und 5-Methylmercapto-tryptamin (I, R=CH₃, OC₂H₅ bzw. SCH₃) mit dem racemischen Aldehyd-Ester II entstandenenSchiffschen Basen wurden durch Natriumborhydrid-Reduktion in Methanol unter gleichzeitiger Cyclisierung und Desacetylierung in die entsprechenden 10-substituiertendl-Methyl-2,3-seco-3-oxodeserpidate (IV) übergeführt. Die bei der Einwirkung von 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoylchlorid in Pyridin erhaltenen Ester V wurden weiter mit Phosphoroxychlorid cyclisiert und die Produkte als Perchlorate (VI) mit Zink in sauerer Lösung zu den entsprechenden 10-substituiertendl-Deserpidinen (VII, R=CH₃, OC₂H₅ bzw. SCH₃) reduziert. Mit Hilfe der Chromatographie gelang es in zwei Fällen, aus den Rohprodukten auch die entsprechendendl-3-Isodeserpidine (VIII, R=CH₃ bzw. OC₂H₅) zu isolieren. Zum Unterscheiden der Produkte der normalen Reihe (VII) und der 3-Iso-Reihe (VIII) wurden IR-Spektren und die Papierchromatographie angewendet.Mit 2 Abbildungen