The Construction of Open GdIII Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Methanetriacetic Acid: New Objects with an Old Ligand

The preparation, X‐ray crystallography and magnetic investigation of the first examples of methanetriacetate (mta)‐containing lanthanide(III) complexes of formulae [Gd(mta)(H₂O)₃]_n ? 4 n H₂O ( 1 ) [Gd(mta)(H₂O)₃]_n ? 2 n H₂O ( 2 ) and [Gd₂(mta)₂(H₂O)₂]_n ? 2 n H₂O ( 3 ) are described herein. This tripodal ligand promotes the formation of 6³ networks; thus 1 consists of a honeycomb structure, whereas in 2 two of these layers are condensed to form a rare five‐connected two‐dimensional (4⁸6²) network. Compound 3 can be seen as an aggregation of 6³ layers leading to a three‐dimensional (6,6)‐connected binodal (4¹²6³)(4⁹6⁶)‐ nia net, in which the gadolinium(III) ions and the mta ligands act as octahedral and as trigonal prismatic nodes, respectively. The magnetic properties of 1 – 3 were investigated in the temperature range 1.9–300 K. A close fit to the Curie law ( 1 ) and weak either antiferro‐ [J=?0.0063(1) cm^?1 ( 2 )] or ferromagnetic [J=+0.0264(6) cm^?1 ( 3 )] interactions between the Gd^III ions are observed; the different exchange pathways involved [extended tris‐bidentate mta ( 1 ) and μ‐O(1);κ²O(1),O(2) ( 2 and 3 ) plus single syn–syn carboxylate‐mta ( 3 )] accounting for these magnetic features. The nature and magnitude of the magnetic interactions, between the Gd^III ions in 1 – 3 , agree with the small amount of data existing in the literature for these kind of bridges.     

Heterotrimetallic oxalato-bridged ReIV2MII complexes (M=Mn, Co, Ni, Cu): synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties

The use of the (NBu4)2[ReIVCl4(ox)] mononuclear species as a ligand toward divalent first row transition metal ions in the presence of imidazole affords the new trinuclear compounds of formula (NBu4)2[{ReIVCl4(mu-ox)}2MII(Him)2] [NBu4+=tetra-n-butylammonium cation, ox=oxalate dianion, Him=imidazole; M=Mn (1), Co (2), Ni (3), Cu (4)] whose preparation, crystal structures, and magnetic properties are reported. 1-4 are isostructural complexes which are made up of discrete trinuclear [{ReIVCl4(mu-ox)}2MII(Him)2]2- anions and bulky NBu4+ cations. The Re and M atoms exhibit somewhat distorted octahedral surroundings which are built by four chloro and two oxalate oxygens (Re) and two imidazole nitrogen and four oxalate oxygen atoms (M), the central M atom being linked to the two peripheral Re atoms through bis-bidentate oxalate. The values of the Re...M separation across bridging oxalate vary in the range 5.646(2) (M=Ni) to 5.794(2) A (M=Mn). Magnetic susceptibility measurements on polycrystalline samples of 1-4 in the temperature range 1.9-300 K show the occurrence of significant intramolecular antiferro- (1) and ferromagnetic (2-4) interactions. The nature and magnitude of the magnetic coupling in 1-4 are qualitatively understood through orbital symmetry considerations.     

Potentiometric study of the formation of hydroxo complexes of [Cu(terpy)]2+. Synthesis and crystal structure of [Cu(terpy) (H2O)](CF3SO3)2

Two complexes of formula [Cu(terpy)(H₂O)](CF₃SO₃)₂ (1) and [Cu(terpy)(OH)]BPh₄ (2) (terpy=2,2′∶6′,2″-terpyridine and BPh₄=tetraphenylborate anion) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The x-ray crystal structure of (1) has been determined by x-ray diffraction. The structure is made up of [Cu(terpy)(H₂O)]²⁺ mononuclear cations plus semi-coordinated CF₃SO₃ ⁻ anions. The coordination geometry around the copper atom is approximately elongated tetragonal octahedral. The oxygen atom of water and the three nitrogen atoms of terpy occupy the equatorial sites whereas the apical ones are filled by trifluoromethanesulphonate oxygen atoms. The formation of hydroxo complexes of [Cu(terpy)(H₂O)]²⁺ has been investigated by potentiometry in aqueous solutions and the constants of the Equilibria (1) and (2)      

New extended magnetic systems based on oxalate and iron(III) ions

A series of oxalate-bridged iron(III) complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of FeCl 3 with oxalic acid (H 2ox) and XCl, where X is a substituted univalent ammonium or an alkaline cation. We have obtained basically two different types of compounds by varying the nature and the shape of the counterion, with the dimensionality of the resulting product being strongly influenced by the counterion. Three-dimensional (3D) networks of oxo- and oxalato-bridged iron(III) ions of the general formula {X 2[Fe 2O(ox) 2Cl 2]. pH 2O} n have been obtained for X = Li (+) ( 1), Na (+) ( 2), and K (+) ( 3) with p = 4 and X = MeNH 3 (+) ( 4), Me 2NH 2 (+) ( 5), and EtNH 3 (+) ( 6) with p = 2. Similar 3D hydroxo- and oxalato-bridged iron(III) networks of the formula {X[Fe 2(OH)(ox) 2Cl 2].2H 2O} n resulted for X = EtNH 3 (+) ( 7a) and PrNH 3 (+) ( 8). Compound 7a undergoes a solid-to-solid transformation, leading to a new species of the formula {(H 3O)(EtNH 3)[Fe 2O(ox) 2Cl 2].H 2O} n ( 7b). Chainlike compounds of the formula {X 2[Fe 2(ox) 2Cl 4]. pH 2O} n [X = Me 2NH 2 (+)( 9, p = 1), Me 3NH (+) ( 10, p = 2), and Me 4N (+) ( 11, p = 0)] have been obtained for the bulkier alkylammonium cations. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 1.9-295 K show the occurrence of weak ferromagnetic ordering due to spin canting in the 3D networks 1- 8, with the value of the critical temperature ( T c) varying with the cation in the range 26 K ( 2) to 70 K ( 8) without significant structural modifications. The last three one-dimensional compounds exhibit the typical behavior of antiferromagnetically coupled chains of interacting spin sextets [ J = -8.3 ( 9), -6.9 ( 10), and -8.4 ( 11) cm (-1) with H = - J summation operator i S i S i+1 ].     

Slow magnetic relaxation in carbonato-bridged dinuclear lanthanide(III) complexes with 2,3-quinoxalinediolate ligands

The coordination chemistry of the 2,3-quinoxalinediolate ligand with different lanthanide(III) ions in basic media in air affords a new family of carbonato-bridged M(2)(III) compounds (M = Pr, Gd and Dy), the Dy(2)(III) analogue exhibiting slow magnetic relaxation behaviour typical of single-molecule magnets.     

Spin control in ladderlike hexanuclear copper(II) complexes with metallacyclophane cores

Two new hexanuclear oxamatocopper(II) complexes 3 and 4 have been synthesized from the binuclear copper(II) complexes of the meta- and para-phenylenebis(oxamate) ligands, respectively. Complexes 3 and 4 possess an overall ladderlike structure made up of two oxamate-bridged linear trinuclear units ("rails") connected through two phenylenediamidate bridges ("rungs") between the central copper atoms to give metallacyclic cores of the meta- and para-cyclophane type, respectively. They show different ground spin states, S = 1 (3) or S = 0 (4), depending on the substitution pattern in the aromatic spacers. The triplet state molecule 3 containing two spin doublet Cu(II)3 units connected by two m-phenylenediamidate bridges represents a successful extension of the concept of "ferromagnetic coupling units" to metal complexes, which is a well-known approach toward high spin organic radicals.     

Spin control in oxamato-based manganese(II)-copper(II) coordination polymers with brick-wall layer architectures

Two new heterobimetallic manganese(II)-copper(II) coordination polymers of formulas [Mn(2)Cu(2)(Me(3)mpba)(2)(H(2)O)(6)]·8H(2)O (1) and [Mn(2)Cu(2)(Me(4)ppba)(2)(H(2)O)(6)]·8H(2)O (2) [Me(3)mpba = 2,4,6-trimethyl-N,N'-1,3-phenylenebis(oxamate) and Me(4)ppba = 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-N,N'-1,4-phenylenebis(oxamate)] have been synthesized following a molecular-programmed self-assembly method from the corresponding dicopper(II) complexes acting as metalloligands toward Mn(II) ions. 1 and 2 consist of neutral Mn(II)(2)Cu(II)(2) layers with a brick-wall structure made up of oxamato-bridged Mn(II)Cu(II) chains connected through double meta- (1) and para-substituted (2) permethylated phenylene spacers. Overall magnetic (1) and nonmagnetic (2) layer ground states result from the ferro- and antiferromagnetic interchain interactions between the oxamato-bridged Mn(II)Cu(II) ferrimagnetic chains across m- and p-phenylene spacers, respectively. Interestingly, compound 1 exhibits a long-range ferromagnetic ordering with a rather high Curie temperature (T(C)) of 20.0 K.     

Enhancing the magnetic coupling of oxalato-bridged Re(IV)2M(II) (M=Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu) trinuclear complexes via peripheral halide ligand effects

Four heterotrinuclear Re(IV)(2)M(II) compounds of general formula (NBu(4))(2)[{Re(IV)Br(4)(μ-ox)}(2)M(II)(Him)(2)] [NBu(4)(+) = tetra-n-butylammonium cation, ox = oxalate, Him = imidazole; M = Mn (1), Co (2), Ni (3), and Cu (4)] have been synthesized by using the novel mononuclear complex [Re(IV)Br(4)(ox)](2-) as a ligand toward divalent first-row transition metal ions in the presence of imidazole. Compounds 1-4 are isostructural complexes whose structure contains discrete trinuclear [{Re(IV)Br(4)(μ-ox)}(2)M(II)(Him)(2)](2-) anions and bulky NBu(4)(+) cations. The Re and M atoms are six-coordinated: four peripheral bromo and two oxalate-oxygens (at Re), and two cis-coordinated imidazole molecules and four oxygen atoms from two oxalate ligands (at M), build distorted octahedral surroundings. Two peripheral [ReBr(4)(ox)](2-) units act as bidentate ligands through the oxalate group toward the central [M(II)(Him)(2)] fragment affording the trinuclear entities. The values of the intramolecular Re···M separation are 5.62(1) (1), 5.51(1) (2), 5.46(1) (3), and 5.55(1) ? (4). Magnetic susceptibility measurements on polycrystalline samples of 1-4 in the temperature range of 1.9-300 K show the occurrence of intramolecular antiferro- [J = -1.1 cm(-1) (1)] and ferromagnetic interactions [J = +3.9 (2), +19.7 (3), and +14.4 cm(-1) (4)], the Hamiltonian being defined as H? = -J [S?(M)(S?(Re1) + S?(Re2))]. The larger spin delocalization on the oxalato bridge in 1-4 when compared to the trinuclear Re(IV)(2)M(II) complexes with chloro instead of bromo as peripheral ligands (1'-4') accounts for the strengthening of the magnetic interactions in 1-4 [J = -0.35 (1'), +14.2 (3'), and +7.7 cm(-1) (4')]. An incipient frequency dependence of the out-of-phase ac signals of 3 at very low temperatures is reminiscent of a system with slow relaxation of the magnetization, a phenomenon characteristic of single-molecule magnet behavior.     

Synthesis,spectroscopic characterization and electrochemical behaviour of nickel(II) complexes with C-meso-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethylcyclotetradecane (Me6[14]aneN4). Crystal structure of {Ni(Me6[14]aneN4)|I2

Summary A series of complexes of formula {Ni(Me₆[14]aneN₄)X₂| (Me₆[14]aneN₄) = C-meso-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,-8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and X = N₃ (1), NCO (2), NCS (3), AcO (4) or I (5) has been synthesized. The crystal structure of (5) has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The nickel atom is surrounded by a square-planar array of nitrogen atoms, giving a low-spin complex. The macrocyclic ligand shows the most stable conformation, the six-membered rings exhibiting the chair form while the gauche conformation is adopted by the five-membered rings. Spectroscopic and magnetic data for (1)–(4) are consistent with octahedral coordination around the nickel atom, which is achieved by four N atoms of the macrocyclic ligand in a single plane and by two azido-N (1), cyanato-N (2), thiocyanato-N (3) and carboxylato-O (4) groups occupying the axial positions. An electrochemical study of the oxidation of (1)–(5) has been carried out in nonaqueous solvents and the prospects of synthesis of the corresponding nickel(III) species are discussed in the light of the electrochemical data.