Spatially resolved measurements of soot and gaseous precursors in ethylene counterflow diffusion flames up to 32 atm

We investigate the effect of pressure on both flame structure and soot formation in nitrogen diluted counterflow diffusion flames of ethylene in the 8–32atm pressure range. Capillary-probe gas sampling is performed to resolve spatially the profiles of gaseous species up to three-ring aromatics by GC/MS analysis and multi-color pyrometry is used to quantify the soot volume fraction and dispersion exponent. Self-similarity of flames is preserved by keeping constant mixture fraction and strain rate, so that profiles of concentrations and temperature, normalized with respect to their peak values, are unaffected by changes in pressure, once the axial coordinate is nondimensionalized with respect to the pressure-dependent diffusion length scale. When conditions are chosen so that the overall soot loading is approximately constant and compatible with the diagnostics, it is found that both the soot volume fraction and the profiles of key aromatics in the high-temperature nucleation region are virtually invariant. For it to happen, a twofold increase in pressure must be compensated by a ～100 K decrease in peak flame temperature and, therefore, in the temperature across the soot forming region. The implication is that from the perspective of the chemical kinetics of soot formation these two actions counterbalance each other. As pressure increases (and temperature decreases) the peak production rate of the high-temperature soot mechanism decreases and, further downstream, towards the particle stagnation plane, a low-temperature soot mechanism sets in, yielding an increase in soot H/C content. This mechanism is enhanced as the pressure is raised, causing a higher overall soot volume production rate in the 16atm flame and, especially, in the 32atm one. The role of C4/C2 species in the formation of C₆H₆ increases with increasing pressure and dominates over the recombination of propargyl radical at sufficiently high pressures. A comprehensive database is established for soot models at high pressures of relevance to applications.     

等离子体湍流能量传输的尺度相关性

对于空间环境中近乎无碰撞的等离子体,可采用Vlasov方程进行理论描述,基于Vlasov方程,讨论了等离子体湍流能量传输和耗散的过程:由亚格子应力引起的尺度间的能量传输,电场做功,压强张量做功(压强张量与速度梯度张量的相互作用).通过混合Vlasov-Maxwell(HVM)数值模拟,进一步研究了能量传输通道之间的联系...     

On a characterization of Dilworth truncations of combinatorial geometries

A combinatorial geometry being given, a Dilworth structure is defined to be a family of point subsets for which properties (1_d), (2_d), (3_d) in sect.2 hold. Let T^d(G) denote Dilworth truncation of a geometry G. It is possible to associa te with T^d(G) a Dilworth structure D(G) (see sect.2). It will be proved that a one-to-one and onto corresponden ce exists between Dilworth structures S of a connected geo metry K and those geometries G such that T^d(G)=K and D(G)=S.     

Possible one-dimensional 3He quantum fluid formed in nanopores

Heat capacity measurements have been made down to 5 mK for 3He fluid films adsorbed in one-dimensional (1D) nanometer-scale pores, 28 A in diameter, preplated with 4He of 1.47 atomic layers. At low 3He density, the heat capacity shows a density-dependent, Schottky-like peak near 150 mK asymptoting to the value corresponding to a 2D Boltzmann gas at high temperatures. The peak behavior is attributed to the crossover from a 2D gas to a 1D state at low temperatures. The degenerate state of the 1D 3He fluid is indicated by a predominantly linear temperature dependence below about 30 mK.     

Continuously tunable 1 byte delay in coupled-resonator optical waveguides

A reconfigurable coupled-resonator optical waveguide made of a few directly coupled ring resonators is employed to control the delay of data streams modulated at tens of gigabits per second. A delay of 8 bit lengths (1 optical byte) with a small pulse broadening and 1 dB/bit fractional loss is achieved by using only eight rings. The limiting role of waveguide loss and spurious backreflections is experimentally investigated. The high storage efficiency (1 bit/ring) of the device enables an easy, reliable, hitless, and relatively low-power-consuming management of the delay. A higher storage efficiency is demonstrated to be associated to an unavoidable higher pulse distortion.     

Modular forms and three-loop superstring amplitudes

We study a proposal of D'Hoker and Phong for the chiral superstring measure for genus three. A minor modification of the constraints they impose on certain Siegel modular forms leads to a unique solution. We reduce the problem of finding these modular forms, which depend on an even spin structure, to finding a modular form of weight 8 on a certain subgroup of the modular group. An explicit formula for this form, as a polynomial in the even theta constants, is given. We checked that our result is consistent with the vanishing of the cosmological constant. We also verified a conjecture of D'Hoker and Phong on modular forms in genus 3 and 4 using results of Igusa.     

Modules Over the Noncommutative Torus and Elliptic Curves

Using the Weil–Brezin–Zak transform of solid state physics, we describe line bundles over elliptic curves in terms of Weyl operators. We then discuss the connection with finitely generated projective modules over the algebra A _θ of the noncommutative torus. We show that such A _θ -modules have a natural interpretation as Moyal deformations of vector bundles over an elliptic curve E _τ , under the condition that the deformation parameter θ and the modular parameter τ satisfy a non-trivial relation.