Contents of the Supplement B to Vol. 52 (2002)

Table of Contents

Contents of the Supplement B to Vol. 52 (2002)     

Influence of surface heterogeneity in electroosmotic flows—Implications in chromatography, fluid mixing, and chemical reactions in microdevices

We analyze the influence of surface heterogeneity, inducing a random ζ-potential at the walls in electroosmotic incompressible flows. Specifically, we focus on how surface heterogeneity modifies the physico-chemical processes (transport, chemical reaction, mixing) occurring in microchannel and microreactors. While the macroscopic short-time features associated with solute transport (e.g. chromatographic patterns) do not depend significantly on ζ-potential heterogeneity, spatial randomness in the surface ζ-potential modifies the spectral properties of the advection-diffusion operator, determining different long-term properties of transport/reaction phenomena compared to the homogeneous case. Examples of physical relevance (chromatography, infinitely fast reactions) are addressed.     

Determination of optical properties of slices of turbid media by diffuse CW laser light scattering profilometry

In this work we present a method for determining the optical parameters of turbid media, namely its absorption coefficient (μ_a) and its reduced scattering coefficient . It is based on the measurement of CW transmittance profiles and analysis of the experimental data by a theoretical model based on the diffusion approximation (DA) of the radiative transfer equation (RTE). The method developed has been investigated with solid polymer probes but it could be applied for liquid materials as well. Experimental results are presented and compared to those of other authors together with a discussion about the accuracy of measurements. In addition, measurements using integrating spheres as well as Monte Carlo simulations are also presented to validate these results.     

Correlation Functions of Harish-Chandra Integrals over the Orthogonal and the Symplectic Groups

The Harish-Chandra correlation functions, i.e. integrals over compact groups of invariant monomials with the weight exp tr (X Ω Y Ω ^† ) are computed for the orthogonal and symplectic groups. We proceed in two steps. First, the integral over the compact group is recast into a Gaussian integral over strictly upper triangular complex matrices (with some additional symmetries), supplemented by a summation over the Weyl group. This result follows from the study of loop equations in an associated two-matrix integral and may be viewed as the adequate version of Duistermaat–Heckman’s theorem for our correlation function integrals. Secondly, the Gaussian integration over triangular matrices is carried out and leads to compact determinantal expressions.     

A Simple Relation between Line Shifts and Atomic Parameters

A comprehensive study of Xe II line shifts (after considering more than 900 transitions) provides the basis for establishing a simple empirical linear relation between the shifts and the inverse of the ionization potential for the er level.     

Li,N双受主共掺杂实现p型ZnO的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用第一性原理平面波超软赝势法,首先对六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO晶体和N,Li分别掺杂ZnO以及Li-N共掺杂ZnO晶体的几何结构分别进行了优化计算,在此基础上计算得到了未掺杂ZnO晶体和不同掺杂情况下ZnO晶体的能带结构、总体态密度、分波态密度和电荷布居数.利用计算的结果,从理论上分析了Li-N共掺杂ZnO更容易得到稳定的p型ZnO. 关键词： ZnO 电子结构 第一性原理 p型共掺杂     

存储器用铁电薄膜及电极材料的研究

铁电体独特的自发电极化双稳性质和非线性光学性质使其在光电子器件中得到广泛应用．为了实现器件的小型化和与微电子、光电子工艺兼容，铁电薄膜已成为一个研究热点．自发电极化的大小和取向以及外电场、缺陷和铁电薄膜／电极界面与自发电极化的交互作用决定了铁电薄膜的性质和服役行为．文章以铁电存储器和光电子器件应用为背景，选择了具有重大应用前景的Bi4-xLaxTi3O12（BLT）、SrBi2Ta2O9（SBT）、PbZrxTi1-xO3（PET）和LiNbO3（LN）铁电薄膜以及相关的La（Sr，Co）O3（LSCO）和LaNiO3（LNO）等电极材料为研究对象，研究了缺陷电荷和电畴的交互作用和它们在交变外电场中的动力学行为，探明了铁电薄膜疲劳现象的物理本质；从晶格结构与缺陷的观察研究入手，探索了材料铁电性质的起源和优化材料铁电性质的途径；从铁电薄膜／电极界面结构与性质的研究入手，寻找更有效、更稳定的电极材料与结构，从而为器件应用打下了基础；在研究外电场对铁电薄膜生长机制影响的基础上，找到了利用外电场调控铁电薄膜结构的新途径，发展了新的、与半导体器件和光电子器件工艺兼容的制膜方法．     

Structural and morphological dependence of carbon nanotube arrays on catalyst aggregation

Catalyst aggregation affects the growth of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays in terms of tubular structures, waviness, entanglement, lengths, and growth density etc., which are important issues for application developments. We present a systematic correlation between the aggregation of catalyst on the SiO₂/Si substrate and the structure and morphology of CNT arrays. The thickness of the catalyst film has a direct effect on the areal density of the catalytic particles and then the alignment of the CNT array. Introducing alumina as buffer layer and annealing the catalyst film at low pressure are two effective approaches to downsize the catalyst particles and then the diameter, wall number of the CNTs. Both the size and areal density of the catalyst also change with the CNT growth in accordance with Ostwald ripening process, with the bottom of the CNT array varying from well-aligned to disordered and adhesion between catalyst particles and the substrate getting enhanced. Strategies including tuning the thickness of the catalyst film, changing buffer layer, controlling on the growth time and the system pressure were used to regulate the aggregation of the catalyst. CNT arrays from disordered to well-aligned, from multi-walled to few-walled and further to single-walled were reproducibly synthesized by chemical vapor deposition of acetylene.     

Differentiation between intra-axial metastatic tumor progression and radiation injury following fractionated radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery using MR spectroscopy, perfusion MR imaging or volume progression modeling

Objective

To determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), perfusion MR imaging (MRP), or volume modeling in distinguishing tumor progression from radiation injury following radiotherapy for brain metastasis.

Methods

Twenty-six patients with 33 intra-axial metastatic lesions who underwent MRS (n=41) with or without MRP (n=32) after cranial irradiation were retrospectively studied. The final diagnosis was based on histopathology (n=4) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up with clinical correlation (n=29). Cho/Cr (choline/creatinine), Cho/NAA (choline/N-acetylaspartate), Cho/nCho (choline/contralateral normal brain choline) ratios were retrospectively calculated for the multi-voxel MRS. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative peak height (rPH) and percentage of signal-intensity recovery (PSR) were also retrospectively derived for the MRPs. Tumor volumes were determined using manual segmentation method and analyzed using different volume progression modeling. Different ratios or models were tested and plotted on the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), with their performances quantified as area under the ROC curve (AUC). MRI follow-up time was calculated from the date of initial radiotherapy until the last MRI or the last MRI before surgical diagnosis.

Results

Median MRI follow-up was 16 months (range: 2-33). Thirty percent of lesions (n=10) were determined to be radiation injury; 70% (n=23) were determined to be tumor progression. For the MRS, Cho/nCho had the best performance (AUC of 0.612), and Cho/nCho >1.2 had 33% sensitivity and 100% specificity in predicting tumor progression. For the MRP, rCBV had the best performance (AUC of 0.802), and rCBV >2 had 56% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The best volume model was percent increase (AUC of 0.891); 65% tumor volume increase had 100% sensitivity and 80% specificity.

Conclusion

Cho/nCho of MRS, rCBV of MRP, and percent increase of MRI volume modeling provide the best discrimination of intra-axial metastatic tumor progression from radiation injury for their respective modalities. Cho/nCho and rCBV appear to have high specificities but low sensitivities. In contrast, percent volume increase of 65% can be a highly sensitive and moderately specific predictor for tumor progression after radiotherapy. Future incorporation of 65% volume increase as a pretest selection criterion may compensate for the low sensitivities of MRS and MRP.     

掺铒光纤激光器自混合理论与微振动位移测量

利用线形掺铒光纤激光器搭建了一种新型光纤传感测量系统来测量微振动位移.采用条纹计数法分析自混合干涉信号,实验显示扬声器的振幅与驱动电压成很好的线性关系.该实验装置结构简单、成本低.实验结果表明,用该传感系统来进行振动位移测量,信号稳定,方法简单、迅速.