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221.
Let A be a commutative ring. A graded A-algebra U = n0 Un isa standard A-algebra if U0 = A and U = A[U1] is generated asan A-algebra by the elements of U1. A graded U-module F = n0Fnis a standard U-module if F is generated as a U-module by theelements of F0, that is, Fn = UnF0 for all n 0. In particular,Fn = U1Fn1 for all n 1. Given I, J, two ideals of A,we consider the following standard algebras: the Rees algebraof I, R(I) = n0Intn = A[It] A[t], and the multi-Rees algebraof I and J, R(I, J) = n0(p+q=nIpJqupvq) = A[Iu, Jv] A[u, v].Consider the associated graded ring of I, G(I) = R(I) A/I =n0In/In+1, and the multi-associated graded ring of I and J,G(I, J) = R(I, J) A/(I+J) = n0(p+q=nIpJq/(I+J)IpJq). We canalways consider the tensor product of two standard A-algebrasU = p0Up and V = q0Vq as a standard A-algebra with the naturalgrading U V = n0(p+q=nUp Vq). If M is an A-module, we havethe standard modules: the Rees module of I with respect to M,R(I; M) = n0InMtn = M[It] M[t] (a standard R(I)-module), andthe multi-Rees module of I and J with respect to M, R(I, J;M) = n0(p+q=nIpJqMupvq) = M[Iu, Jv] M[u, v] (a standard R(I,J)-module). Consider the associated graded module of M withrespect to I, G(I; M) = R(I; M) A/I = n0InM/In+1M (a standardG(I)-module), and the multi-associated graded module of M withrespect to I and J, G(I, J; M) = R(I, J; M) A/(I+J) = n0(p+q=nIpJqM/(I+J)IpJqM)(a standard G(I, J)-module). If U, V are two standard A-algebras,F is a standard U-module and G is a standard V-module, thenF G = n0(p+q=nFp Gq) is a standard U V-module. Denote by :R(I) R(J; M) R(I, J; M) and :R(I, J; M) R(I+J;M) the natural surjective graded morphisms of standard RI) R(J)-modules. Let :R(I) R(J; M) R(I+J; M) be . Denote by :G(I) G(J; M) G(I, J; M) and :G(I, J; M) G(I+J; M) the tensor productof and by A/(I+J); these are two natural surjective gradedmorphisms of standard G(I) G(J)-modules. Let :G(I) G(J; M) G(I+J; M) be . The first purpose of this paper is to prove the following theorem. 相似文献
222.
Hooper D Ferrer F Boehm C Silk J Paul J Evans NW Casse M 《Physical review letters》2004,93(16):161302
The observed 511 keV emission from the galactic bulge could be due to very light (MeV) annihilating dark matter particles. To distinguish this hypothesis from conventional astrophysical sources, we study dwarf spheroidals in the region observed by the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory/SPI such as Sagittarius. As these galaxies have comparatively few stars, the prospects for 511 keV emission from standard astrophysical scenarios are minimal. The dwarf spheroidals do, however, contain copious amounts of dark matter. The observation of 511 keV emission from Sagittarius should be a "smoking gun" for MeV dark matter. 相似文献
223.
Colacio E Lloret F Kivekäs R Ruiz J Suárez-Varela J Sundberg MR 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2002,(6):592-593
A 2D grid-shaped cyanide-bridged Co(II)-Au(I) bimetallic coordination polymer, [Co(DMF)2(Au(CN)2)2], has been prepared from the [Au(CN)2]- building block; sheets associate pair-wise by aurophilic interactions and the compound exhibits zeolite-like properties. 相似文献
224.
Recovery stress and work output in hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine)‐modified shape‐memory epoxy polymers
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David Santiago Albert Fabregat‐Sanjuan Francesc Ferrando Silvia De la Flor 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2016,54(10):1002-1013
In this study a series of hyperbranched modified shape‐memory polymers were subjected to constrained shape recoveries in order to determine their potential use as thermomechanical actuators. Materials were synthesized from a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A as base epoxy and a polyetheramine and a commercial hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) as crosslinker agents. Hyperbranched polymers within the structure of the shape‐memory epoxy polymers led to a more heterogeneous network that can substantially modify mechanical properties. Thermomechanical and mechanical properties were analyzed and discussed in terms of the content of hyperbranched polymer. Shape‐memory effect was analyzed under fully and partially constrained conditions. When shape recovery was carried out with fixed strain a recovery stress was obtained whereas when it was carried out with a constraining stress the material performs mechanical work. Tensile tests at TgE′ showed excellent values of stress and strain at break (up to 15 MPa and almost 60%, respectively). Constrained recovery performances revealed rapid recovery stress generation and unusually high recovery stresses (up to 7 MPa) and extremely high work densities (up to 750 kJ/m3). The network structure of shape‐memory polymers was found to be a key factor for actuator‐like applications. Results confirm that hyperbranched modified‐epoxy shape memory polymers are good candidates for actuator‐like shape‐memory applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1002–1013 相似文献
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Heterotrimetallic Coordination Polymers: {CuIILnIIIFeIII} Chains and {NiIILnIIIFeIII} Layers: Synthesis,Crystal Structures,and Magnetic Properties
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Dr. Maria‐Gabriela Alexandru Dr. Diana Visinescu Prof. Marius Andruh Dr. Nadia Marino Dr. Donatella Armentano Dr. Joan Cano Prof. Francesc Lloret Prof. Miguel Julve 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(14):5429-5446
The use of the [FeIII(AA)(CN)4]? complex anion as metalloligand towards the preformed [CuII(valpn)LnIII]3+ or [NiII(valpn)LnIII]3+ heterometallic complex cations (AA=2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10‐phenathroline (phen); H2valpn=1,3‐propanediyl‐bis(2‐iminomethylene‐6‐methoxyphenol)) allowed the preparation of two families of heterotrimetallic complexes: three isostructural 1D coordination polymers of general formula {[CuII(valpn)LnIII(H2O)3(μ‐NC)2FeIII(phen)(CN)2 {(μ‐NC)FeIII(phen)(CN)3}]NO3 ? 7 H2O}n (Ln=Gd ( 1 ), Tb ( 2 ), and Dy ( 3 )) and the trinuclear complex [CuII(valpn)LaIII(OH2)3(O2NO)(μ‐NC)FeIII(phen)(CN)3] ? NO3 ? H2O ? CH3CN ( 4 ) were obtained with the [CuII(valpn)LnIII]3+ assembling unit, whereas three isostructural heterotrimetallic 2D networks, {[NiII(valpn)LnIII(ONO2)2(H2O)(μ‐NC)3FeIII(bipy)(CN)] ? 2 H2O ? 2 CH3CN}n (Ln=Gd ( 5 ), Tb ( 6 ), and Dy ( 7 )) resulted with the related [NiII(valpn)LnIII]3+ precursor. The crystal structure of compound 4 consists of discrete heterotrimetallic complex cations, [CuII(valpn)LaIII(OH2)3(O2NO)(μ‐NC)FeIII(phen)(CN)3]+, nitrate counterions, and non‐coordinate water and acetonitrile molecules. The heteroleptic {FeIII(bipy)(CN)4} moiety in 5 – 7 acts as a tris‐monodentate ligand towards three {NiII(valpn)LnIII} binuclear nodes leading to heterotrimetallic 2D networks. The ferromagnetic interaction through the diphenoxo bridge in the CuII?LnIII ( 1 – 3 ) and NiII?LnIII ( 5 – 7 ) units, as well as through the single cyanide bridge between the FeIII and either NiII ( 5 – 7 ) or CuII ( 4 ) account for the overall ferromagnetic behavior observed in 1 – 7 . DFT‐type calculations were performed to substantiate the magnetic interactions in 1 , 4 , and 5 . Interestingly, compound 6 exhibits slow relaxation of the magnetization with maxima of the out‐of‐phase ac signals below 4.0 K in the lack of a dc field, the values of the pre‐exponential factor (τo) and energy barrier (Ea) through the Arrhenius equation being 2.0×10?12 s and 29.1 cm?1, respectively. In the case of 7 , the ferromagnetic interactions through the double phenoxo (NiII–DyIII) and single cyanide (FeIII–NiII) pathways are masked by the depopulation of the Stark levels of the DyIII ion, this feature most likely accounting for the continuous decrease of χM T upon cooling observed for this last compound. 相似文献
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Structural Chemistry - The present computational study complements experimental efforts to describe and characterize carbo-benzene derivatives as paradigms of aromatic carbo-mers. A long-lasting... 相似文献
230.