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41.
Molecular chaperones, folding catalysts, and the recovery of active recombinant proteins fromE. coli
Jeffrey G. Thomas Amanda Ayling François Baneyx 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1997,66(3):197-238
The high-level expression of recombinant gene products in the gramnegative bacteriumEscherichia coli often results in the misfolding of the protein of interest and its subsequent degradation by cellular proteases or its deposition
into biologically inactive aggregates known as inclusion bodies. It has recently become clear that in vivo protein folding
is an energy-dependent process mediated by two classes of folding modulators. Molecular chaperones, such as the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE
and GroEL-GroES systems, suppress off-pathway aggregation reactions and facilitate proper folding through ATP-coordinated
cycles of binding and release of folding intermediates. On the other hand, folding catalysts (foldases) accelerate rate-limiting
steps along the protein folding pathway such as thecis/trans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl bonds and the formation and reshuffling of disulfide bridges. Manipulating the cytoplasmic
folding environment by increasing the intracellular concentration of all or specific folding modulators, or by inactivating
genes encoding these proteins, holds great promise in facilitating the production and purification of heterologous proteins.
Purified folding modulators and artificial systems that mimic their mode of action have also proven useful in improving the
in vitro refolding yields of chemically denatured polypeptides. This review examines the usefulness and limitations of molecular
chaperones and folding catalysts in both in vivo and in vitro folding processes. 相似文献
42.
43.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Mathey F 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2002,372(1):1
44.
In April 1998 Raimond Castaing left the world of electrons, of ions and others particles, his wife and his family, his numerous
students, for the world of stars.
Raimond Castaing (Fig. 1) had a very strong personality. No one will forget their first meeting with him and all his students
remember how brilliant he was as a teacher. A lot of anecdotes about his famous hot temper are still circulating among his
friends and his former students. But in this paper, we would like to evoke Castaing’s memory through his achievements in Instrumental
Physics, from the time of his doctoral thesis to later developments with his students, which were all centred on the imaging
of the microstructures of materials and their quantitative chemical analysis. 相似文献
45.
Theoretical study on tetrakis-amido complexes (M(NR2)4, M = Ti, V, Cr, and Mo; R = H, Me) is presented. At first a rough investigation of the potential energy surface indicates that all stationary points are of S
4 or D
2 symmetry depending on the coupled rotations of the NR2 groups. Qualitative correlation diagrams are calculated within S
4 or D
2 symmetry constraint between two limiting structures of D
2
d symmetry. DFT (B3LYP) calculations on these two paths are presented for unsubstituted complexes (R = H) and the various minima are optimized and characterized. These results are discussed in the light of the correlation diagrams. Finally, optimization of the different minima has been performed on substituted species (R = Me) and the theoretical results are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental structural determination when available. 相似文献
46.
Thierry Boulanger Christine Evrard Daniel P. Vercauteren Guy Evrard François Durant 《Journal of chemical crystallography》1991,21(3):287-295
The crystal structures ofp-methoxyphenyl-3-triazolo [4,3-a] isoquinoline (SR95926),p-methoxyphenyl-3-triazolophtalazine (CMW1842), andp-methoxyphenyl-3-N-dimethoxyethylamino-6-triazolophtalazine (L16317) have been solved by direct methods from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, and refined by full-matrix least squares. SR95926: monoclinic,P21/n,a=20.950(3),b=6.769(1),c=9.465(2) Å,=100.90(1)°. CMW1842: triclinic,P¯1,a=8.784(1),b=9.160(4),c=8.555(1) Å,=99.10(2),=93.90(1), =106.77(1)°. L16317: monoclinic,P21/n,a=20.124(3),b=9.586(1),c=10.788(1) Å,=91.91(1)°. FinalR factors are 0.034, 0.037, and 0.053, respectively. Experimental geometries were used to perform STO-3Gab initio molecular-orbital calculations. A relationship between the electronic pattern within the molecules and the affinity of the benzodiazepine receptor sites is pointed out. 相似文献
47.
Françoise Lust-Piquard 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》1992,79(2-3):331-365
We prove that for every bounded linear operatorT:C 2p →H(1≤p<∞,H is a Hilbert space,C 2 p p is the Schatten space) there exists a continuous linear formf onC p such thatf≥0, ‖f‖(C C p)*=1 and $$\forall x \in C^{2p} , \left\| {T(x)} \right\| \leqslant 2\sqrt 2 \left\| T \right\|< f\frac{{x * x + xx*}}{2} > 1/2$$ . Forp=∞ this non-commutative analogue of Grothendieck’s theorem was first proved by G. Pisier. In the above statement the Schatten spaceC 2p can be replaced byE E 2 whereE (2) is the 2-convexification of the symmetric sequence spaceE, andf is a continuous linear form onC E. The statement can also be extended toL E{(su2)}(M, τ) whereM is a Von Neumann algebra,τ a trace onM, E a symmetric function space. 相似文献
48.
Budimir N Fournier F Bailly T Burgada R Tabet JC 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2005,19(13):1822-1828
The tripodal ligand N,N,N-tris[(1,hydroxy-2-pyridinon-6-yl)amide]propylamine was synthesized. It is composed of an anchor (nitrogen atom), a functional group (hydroxamate), and also a spacer of variable length defined by the number of methylene groups linking the anchor and the functional group. The characterization of this ligand in the presence of several divalent metal cations (Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II)), performed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS), allowed elucidation of oxidation states and also of different fragmentation patterns. The importance of the spacer length was studied in the case of the iron binary complex by comparing this ligand with another with a shorter spacer. In this way the stabilizing conditions, in which hydrogen bonds are implicated, were clarified. 相似文献
49.
Maurice Guillot André Marchand François Tcheou H. Le Gall 《Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter》1982,49(3):221-228
On single crystals of holmium iron garnet (HoIG), magnetic properties have been studied in magnetic field up to 150kOe applied parallel to the main crystallographic directions in the 4.2–300K temperature range. Above 130 K, the magnetization is isotropic and linear magnetic field dependent as previously found in polycrystals and predicted by Néel's ferrimagnetic theory. Nevertheless the paramagnetic Curie temperature is much higher than the polycrystal value. Below 130K, due to the onset of the umbrella structure, the ferrite magnetization presents a non linear field variation with [111] as easy direction. The field evolutions of the anisotropy constants (K
1 andK
2) were calculated. Optical absorption measurements of both 585I
6 and 5I
85I
7 transitions are reported and compared to the results of the literature in terms of inequivalent magnetic sites. 相似文献
50.
Haneline MR Taylor RE Gabbaï FP 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2003,9(21):5189-5193
Trimeric perfluoro-ortho-phenylenemercury (1) constitutes one of the simplest trifunctional Lewis acidic hosts. In addition to cooperative effects arising from the proximity of the mercury(II) centers, the electron-withdrawing properties of the backbone and the accessibility of the electrophilic sites lead to the facile complexation of neutral and electron rich substrates. The planarity of the structure as well as its overall polarizability compounded with relativistic effects at mercury also permits the occurrence of non-covalent interactions and accounts for the tendency of this compound to form cofacial dimers. Collectively, the Lewis acidic properties of 1 as well as its ability to engage in non-covalent interactions can be held responsible for its ability to form extended binary supramolecular stacks with arenes. The photoluminescence observed in some of these supramolecular complexes corresponds to the phosphorescence of the aromatic substrate and indicate the occurrence of a mercury heavy atom effect. 相似文献