A new,accurate, statistical mechanical theory for simple fluids

A new integral equation in which the hypernetted chain and Percus-Yevick approximations are “mixed” as a function of interparticle separation is described. Calculations with fluids varying from hard spheres to the one-component plasma show good agreement with Monte Carlo calculations.     

The cyclodimerisation of 3-methyl-2-butenenitrile

3-Methyl-2-butenenitrile (1) cyclodimerised on treatment with lithium diisopropylamide in dimethoxyethane at temperatures between ?78°C and 0°C to 3-amino-4-cyano-1,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene (2) the structure of which was established by acid hydrolysis to the known 4-cyano-1,5,5-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-3-one (3).     

Weak amenability and the second dual of the Fourier algebra

Let be a locally compact group. We will consider amenability and weak amenability for Banach algebras which are quotients of the second dual of the Fourier algebra. In particular, we will show that if is weakly amenable, then has no infinite abelian subgroup.

     

Verschiedene Lebensmittel-Untersuchungsmethoden

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted piperazines by a diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed hydroamination reaction

A highly diastereoselective intramolecular hydroamination is the key step in a modular synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted piperazines. The requisite hydroamination substrates were prepared in excellent yields by nucleophilic displacement of cyclic sulfamidates derived from amino acids. A variety of alkyl and aryl substituents at the 2-position were tolerated. The stereochemistry of the piperazines was determined to be trans by X-ray crystallography, which also showed the preferred conformation of the 2,6-disubstituted piperazine to be a twist-boat due to A(1,3) strain.     

Benchmark Experiments of Fusion Neutron Induced Gamma-Ray Radioactivity in Various Structural Materials

The fusion reactor inventory code FISPACT, together with the European Activation File EAF, is the European reference software for calculating the neutron-induced activation of fusion reactor relevant materials. Experimental verifications (benchmarks) of the code predictions have been performed at ENEA Frascati by means of an irradiation facility consisting of a D-T neutron generator and a moderator/reflector structure which is employed to mimic the neutron spectrum at the a fusion device first wall. Various materials (vanadium alloy, SiC, AISI 316, martensitic steel F82H, copper, tungsten, iron, niobium), candidates to be used in a fusion reactor, have been exposed to neutrons produced in the facility (about 10⁹ n cm^–2 s^–1) and the short and medium-lived induced radioactivity has been measured by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The experimental results have been used to validate the inventory code FISPACT, the physical database EAF, including its uncertainty predictions, and the composition of the material irradiated in particular for its minor elements and impurities. The comparison between calculated (C) and experimental results (E) is reported as C/E values and shows a satisfactory agreement for almost all radionuclides. Radionuclides for which there is not agreement between calculations and experiments are also discussed and an analysis of the causes of the lack of agreement is carried out.     

Kinematic, acoustic, and perceptual analyses of connected speech produced by parkinsonian and normal geriatric adults

Acoustic and kinematic analyses, as well as perceptual evaluation, were conducted on the speech of Parkinsonian and normal geriatric adults. As a group, the Parkinsonian speakers had very limited jaw movement compared to the normal geriatrics. For opening gestures, jaw displacements and velocities produced by the Parkinsonian subjects were about half those produced by the normal geriatrics. Lower lip movement amplitude and velocity also were reduced for the Parkinsonian speakers relative to the normal geriatrics, but the magnitude of the reduction was not as great as that seen in the jaw. Lower lip closing velocities expressed as a function of movement amplitude were greater for the Parkinsonian speakers than for the normal geriatrics. This increased velocity of lower lip movement may reflect a difference in the control of lip elevation for the Parkinsonian speakers, an effect that increased with the severity of dysarthria. Acoustically, the Parkinsonian subjects had reduced durations of vocalic segments, reduced formant transitions, and increased voice onset time compared to the normal geriatrics. These effects were greater for the more severe, compared to the milder, dysarthrics and were most apparent in the more complex, vocalic gestures.     

De novo-synthesis of carbohydrates preparation of 4-amino-4-deoxy-d,l-ribose derivatives

Treatment of 1.2-bis-ethoxycarbonyltetrahydropyridazine 5a with strong base results in ring contraction to the Δ³-pyrrolines 6a and 7a. The conversion of 6a to β-D,L-ribo derivatives and 7a to a-D,L-ribo and a-D,L-lyxo derivatives is described.