Preparation of unsymmetrical distyryl BODIPY derivatives and effects of the styryl substituents on their in vitro photodynamic properties

A series of unsymmetrical distyryl BODIPYs have been prepared which function as highly potent photosensitisers with in vitro IC(50) values as low as 15 nM. Their cellular uptake, subcellular localisation and photocytotoxicity depend greatly on the styryl substituents.     

Synthesis, photophysical properties and in vitro photodynamic activity of axially substituted subphthalocyanines

A new series of subphthalocyanines substituted axially with an oligoethylene glycol chain [SPcB(OCH(2)CH(2))(n)OH, n = 3 (2) or 4 (3)] or a p-phenoxy oligoethylene glycol methyl ether chain [SPcBOC(6)H(4)(OCH(2)CH(2))(n)OCH(3), n = 2 (4) or 3 (5)] have been synthesised by substitution reactions of boron subphthalocyanine chloride SPcBCl (1) with the corresponding oligoethylene glycols, and characterised with various spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The molecular structure of one of these compounds (subphthalocyanine 4) has also been determined. As revealed by absorption spectroscopy, these compounds are essentially non-aggregated in DMF. The low aggregation tendency of these compounds results in a strong fluorescence emission and high efficiency to generate singlet oxygen. All these subphthalocyanines, being formulated with Cremophor EL, function as efficient photosensitisers and exhibit a high photocytotoxicity against HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma and HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The phenoxy analogues 4 and 5 show a relatively high photostability and are particularly potent towards these cell lines, with IC(50) values down to 0.02 microM.     

Studies on calcium alginate stanch fibre by radiation sterilization and its biology

This paper explored the technical feasibility of surgical calcium alginate stanch fibre steriliged by radiation. By detecting the biological load before and after irridiation the optimum sterilized dose is 10–12KGY. By determing the Ca⁺⁺ content, a linear regression equation relative to adsorbed dose and Ca⁺⁺ content percentage is given out. lgD=0.13449+7.966x10^-3N(r=0.9935) The result of biological studies of radio sterilized stanch fibre to be applied on adult rabbits and NIH mice by biologic test was performed that the γ-ray sterilized stanchfibre had no irritant effect on both the health and the wound skin, crust formation rate was better than of the check. The total and partial irritation intensity and the allergization rate became zero.     

Poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) presenting pendent pentaphenylene dendron groups for light‐emitting diodes

We have synthesized, using the Gilch method, a novel poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) derivative (PPV‐PP) containing two pendent pentaphenylene dendritic wedges, and have characterized its structure and properties. The incorporated side chain pentaphenylene dendrons serve as solubilizing groups, prevent π‐stacking interactions from occurring between the polymer main chains, and suppress the formation of excimers in the solid state. Photoluminescence studies indicate that efficient intramolecular energy transfer occurred from the photoexcited pentaphenylene groups to the poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) backbone. The polymer film exhibits a maximum emission at 510 nm and had a photoluminescence efficiency of 46%, which is similar to that measured in dilute solution. The photoluminescence spectra remained almost unchanged after thermal annealing at 150 °C for 20 h, and displayed inhibited excimer formation. Polymer light‐emitting diodes that we fabricated in the configuration ITO/PEDOT/PPV‐PP/Mg:Ag/Ag exhibited a maximum emission peak at 513 nm, corresponding to the green region [x = 0.30 and y = 0.62 in the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates]. The maximum brightness and maximum luminance efficiency were 1562 cd/m² and 1.93 cd/A, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5147–5155, 2005     

A decomposition theorem on the scalar potential of a compressible BKZ fluid

Based on the existence of a caloric equation of state in the thermodynamic theory of a nonlinear viscoelastic fluid (Bernstein, Kearsley and Zapas, 1964), and the additional assumption that the local entropy production along any instantaneous deformation path is finite, we first show that such a fluid behaves as a perfectly elastic material whenever the deformation gradient suffers from a jump-type discontinuity. The nature of the apparently perfectly elastic material serving to interpret results in the instantaneous deformation depends on the previous historyonly through two parameters, namely, the density and the temperature of the fluid immediately prior to the jump. This result is then applied, in conjunction with the usual conditions of isotropy and objectivity as well as an application of Schur's Lemma on irreducible sets of matrices, to obtain a decomposition of the scalar potential of the compressible Bernstein-Kearsley-Zapas Fluid (abbrev. BKZ Fluid).

---

Zusammenfassung Gegründet auf der Existenz einer kalorischen Zustandsgleichung in der thermodynamischen Theorie einer nichtlinearen viskoelastischen Flüssigkeit (Bernstein, Kearsley und Zapas, 1964) und der zusätzlichen Annahme, daß die örtliche Entropiezunahme entlang einer Deformationskurve endlich ist, zeigen wir zuerst, dass sich eine solche Flüssigkeit wie ein ideales elastisches Material verhält, wenn der Deformationsgradient eine sprunghafte Unstetigkeit aufweist. Die Eigenschaften des scheinbar idealen elastischen Materials, die dazu dienen, Ergebnisse der momentanen Deformation zu interpretieren, hängen von der Vorbehandlung nur durch Werte von zwei Parametern ab, nämlich der Dichte und Temperatur der Flüssigkeit direkt von der sprunghaften Veränderung. Das Ergebnis, zusammen mit den üblichen Bedingungen der Isotropie und Objektivität wie auch der Anwendung von Schurs Lemmas über nichtreduzierbare Gruppen von Matrizen, wird dann dazu verwendet, eine Zerlegung des skalaren Potentials einer verdichtbaren Bernstein-Kearsley-Zapas-Flüssigkeit (BKZ-Flüssigkeit) zu erzielen.

     

Almost-periodic dissipative actions of semigroups

Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 110–113, January–February, 1988.     

Evaluating Re-order Levels and Probabilities of Stockout during a Lead Time for Some Stock-Control Models

When several suppliers are concurrently used to replenish one stock item, it is often of interest to compute the mean and the variance of the effective lead time, i.e., the minimum of all lead times. However, in many cases, especially with non-identical lead time distributions, these quantities do not have closed form expressions and their calculation can be complicated. Difficulty in computation also arises in evaluating demand during lead time, even if there is only one supplier. This paper presents a numerical integration method using Gaussian quadrature to evaluate the effective lead time mean and variance, re-order level and the probability of stockout during the effective lead time. The Gaussian quadrature rules are easy to implement and several data sets are used in the paper to demonstrate the method.     

Bifunctional chiral synthons via biochemical methods. : VI. C5 isoprenoid units.

Two methods for the preparation of the isoprenoid chiron $\text{4}$ have been developed using a microbial kinetic resolution of $\text{5}$ and an enantiotopically selective hydrolysis of $\text{7}$ catalyzed by PLE.     

The microwave spectrum and structure of trimethylamine-monofluoroborane

The microwave spectra of the ¹¹B¹⁴N, ¹¹B¹⁵N, ¹⁰B¹⁴N and ¹⁰B¹⁵N species of trimethyl-amine-monofluoroborane have been assigned in order to evaluate the B—N distance. Analysis of the rotational constants using either the single or double substitution methods did not give highly precise results. However, by assuming parameters for the amine moiety found in other complexes and fitting the moments of inertia a value of 1.63 ± 0.01 Å was estimated. The method of predicate observables, an alternative fitting process, resulted in d(BN) = 1.633 ± 0.006 Å along with estimates for the other structural parameters.     

Tests of quantum chromodynamics and a direct measurement of the strong coupling constant αs at √s=30 GeV

We report the measurement of the reaction e⁺ + e^? → hadronic jets at a center-of-mass energy √s=30 GeV using the MARK-J detector at PETRA. By measuring the energy and angular distribution of both neutrals and charged particles we were able to isolate unambiguously the three-jet events in a kinematic region where the backgrounds from q$\text{q}$ and phase space contributions and other processes are small. Various comparisons of the data with quantum chromodynamics were made. The relative yield of three-jet events and the shape distribution of the events enable us to determine α_s = 0.23 ± 0.02 (statistical error) with a systematic error of ± 0.04.