Rheometry for large-particulated fluids: analysis of the ball measuring system and comparison to debris flow rheometry

For large-particulated fluids encountered in natural debris flow, building materials, and sewage treatment, only a few rheometers exist that allow the determination of yield stress and viscosity. In the present investigation, we focus on the rheometrical analysis of the ball measuring system as a suitable tool to measure the rheology of particulated fluids up to grain sizes of 10 mm. The ball measuring system consists of a sphere that is dragged through a sample volume of approximately 0.5 l. Implemented in a standard rheometer, torques exerted on the sphere and the corresponding rotational speeds are recorded within a wide measuring range. In the second part of this investigation, six rheometric devices to determine flow curve and yield stress of fluids containing large particles with maximum grain sizes of 1 to 25 mm are compared, considering both rheological data and application in practical use. The large-scale rheometer of Coussot and Piau, the building material learning viscometer of Wallevik and Gjorv, and the ball measuring system were used for the flow curve determination and a capillary rheometer, the inclined plane test, and the slump test were used for the yield stress determination. For different coarse and concentrated sediment–water mixtures, the flow curves and the yield stresses agree well, except for the capillary rheometer, which exhibits much larger yield stress values. Differences are also noted in the measuring range of the different devices, as well as for the required sample volume that is crucial for application.     

Evolution and Operating Experiences with Different Drop‐On‐Demand Systems

Summary: We describe the development of different drop‐on‐demand systems particularly for applications for the liquid handling of biopolymers. Different designs of drop‐on‐demand systems developed by the authors are described. Experiments with these systems show the applicability for pipetting different liquids with different properties. Commercially available systems are also tested. A comparison of the different approaches leads to a discussion of the best fields of application of the different approaches or, alternatively, to the potential further development of the drop‐on‐demand technologies.

Principle setup of the print heads.     

Transport Coefficients and Structural Principles of PbO?Ga2O3 Melt

More Precise knowledge of the growth mechanism of garnets in form of epitaxial layers or single crystals in high temperature solutions on the base of trivalent oxides Me₂O₃ in PbO B₂O₃ solvent is desirable. Data of physicochemical properties of the melts especially density, shear viscosity, and electrical conductivity and their dependence on the temperature are useful in endeavour to recognize the structural principles of oxidie melts. Therefore as a first step the binary system PbO Ga₂O₃ was investigated to understand the influence of the Ga component on a complete mixed garnet solution, for instance (Y, Sm)₃ (Fe, Ga)₅O₁₂ in PbO B₂O₃ solvent.     

Untersuchungen zum Kristallwachstum in der Hochtemperaturlösung mit Hilfe der differentiellen Thermoanalyse

A DTA-apparatus is described which is suitable for solubility measurements of garnets in flux melts. It is important that the temperature will be measured as near as possible to the crystallization region. Solubility temperatures are measured with an uncertainty ≦ 10 deg. A mixture of PbO, PbF₂ and B₂O₃ was used as solvent. The following garnet systems were investigated: Y₃Fe_5−xM_xO₁₂ (M = Ga, Al, In, Cr; x = 0 …︁ 5) and Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂. If results of other authors are available they are in good agreement with our data. Habit and chemical analysis of crystallites give informations about the grown phases and their composition. In connexion with the solubility thus it is possible to select appropriate solvents.     

Revisiting the Structure of Calcined and Hydrated AlPO-11 with DFT-Based Molecular Dynamics Simulations**

Published crystal structures of the AEL-type aluminophosphate AlPO-11 in its calcined form (space group ) show some peculiar features, such as unusually short Al−O and P−O bonds and near-linear Al−O−P angles. Although experimental evidence for the presence of dynamic disorder was presented, the nature of the associated distortions remained unresolved. In this study, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) were employed to study the dynamic behaviour of this zeotype. At 100 K, static local distortions that break the symmetry are present in the time-averaged structures computed from the AIMD trajectories. At 300 and 500 K, the time-averaged structures approach symmetry. Although shortened Al−O and P−O bonds and near-linear Al−O−P angles were found in the average structures, an analysis of radial and angular distribution functions confirmed their absence in the instantaneous structures. This deviation is due to a precession-like motion of some oxygen atoms around the Al−P connection line, which moves their time-averaged positions closer to this line. In hydrated AlPO-11, some of the water molecules are coordinated to framework Al atoms, leading to an octahedral coordination of 1/5 of the Al sites. DFT optimisations and AIMD simulations on partially hydrated models delivered evidence for a preferential adsorption at the Al1 site. No dynamic disorder was observed for the hydrated form.     

Newton-type methods near critical solutions of piecewise smooth nonlinear equations

Computational Optimization and Applications - It is well-recognized that in the presence of singular (and in particular nonisolated) solutions of unconstrained or constrained smooth nonlinear...     

Die Bestimmung des Morphin-Gehaltes im Opium

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