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41.
Mariana Graña 《Letters in Mathematical Physics》2006,78(3):279-305
String theory is consistently defined in ten dimensions. In order to extract any information about four-dimensional physics, we need to understand the properties of the six-dimensional compact manifold orthogonal to our four-dimensional universe. A possibility that is being very much explored lately is to look at manifolds on which background fluxes are turned on. In this article, we present an introduction to string theory, focusing on its massless sector. We then review traditional compactifications to four–dimensions, and finally motivate and describe the so-called flux compactifications. We interpret the allowed six-dimensional manifolds from the point of view of generalized complex geometry. 相似文献
42.
In this paper we address a two-dimensional (2D) orthogonal packing problem, where a fixed set of small rectangles has to be placed on a larger stock rectangle in such a way that the amount of trim loss is minimized. The algorithm we propose hybridizes a placement procedure with a genetic algorithm based on random keys. The approach is tested on a set of instances taken from the literature and compared with other approaches. The computation results validate the quality of the solutions and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
43.
Julio Penin Santos Fernando J.G. Landgraf Geraldo Caixeta Guimarães 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2006
The paper describes effect of texture on the anisotropy of magnetic properties and shows that an Epstein strip arrangement including strips cut in a direction 45° to the rolling direction gives property values that are closer to the average values than the traditional RD+TD arrangement. 相似文献
44.
Marcos F. de Campos Marília Emura Fernando J.G. Landgraf 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2006
Electrical steels, when submitted to operation, present continuous decrease of their magnetic properties, depending on the carbon content. This effect is attributed to the increase of the size of carbides, a process also known as coarsening or Ostwald Ripening. Loss separation can offer a better understanding of this phenomenon. Experimental results show that all effect of aging is inside the hysteresis loss component, with the excess losses unaffected. The carbon content in electrical steels should be less than 25 ppm to avoid magnetic aging. 相似文献
45.
Ligia E. Zamora G. A. Perez Alcazar J. M. Greneche S. Suriñach 《Hyperfine Interactions》2006,168(1-3):1057-1063
Fe60Mn10Al20Nb10, (Fe60Mn10Al30)95Nb5 and (Fe60Mn10Al30)90Nb10 ball milled powdered alloys were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectrometry, thermomagnetic (TGM) and magnetization measurements. We studied the influence of Nb content and of different milling times on the structural and magnetic properties. Two main features can be concluded: (1) the FeAlMn induces a BCC phase whatever the Nb content is, and (2) as both increasing Nb content and milling time give rise to an highly disordered state in conjunction with a decrease of the ferromagnetic behavior. 相似文献
46.
Magnetic after-effects in vacancy-doped magnetite at room temperature are considered on the basis of a statistical thermodynamic treatment. In this paper we study the kinetics of a very small vacancy concentration distributed on the four non-equivalent octahedral sites of the inverse spinel structure. It is to be noted that satisfactory agreement is found between recent experimental results and the theoretical model. 相似文献
47.
Francisco-Javier Muñoz-Delgado Victoriano Ramirez-González Paul Sablonnière 《分析论及其应用》1995,11(1):62-71
In this work we study linear polynomial operators preserving some consecutive i-convexities and leaving invariant the polynomials
up to a certain degree. First, we study the existence of an incom patibility between the conservation of certain i-convexities
and the invariance of a space of polynomials. Interpolation properties are obtained and a theorem by Berens and DeVore about
the Bernstein's operator is extended. Finally, from these results a generalized Bernstein's operator is obtained.
This work was supported by Junta de Andalucia. Grupo de investigación: Matemática Aplicada. Código: 1107 相似文献
48.
Fernando Torres 《Semigroup Forum》1997,55(3):364-379
This work was realized while the author was ICTP (Trieste - Italy) with a grant from the International Atomic Energy Agency
and UNESCO. 相似文献
49.
Alvarez-Muñoz D Sáez M Lara-Martin PA Gómez-Parra A González-Mazo E 《Journal of chromatography. A》2004,1052(1-2):33-38
A new method has been developed for the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) from various marine organisms, and compared with Soxhlet extraction. The technique applied includes the use of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for the extraction stage, preconcentration of the samples, purification by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analysis by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The spiked concentrations were added to the samples (wet mass of the organisms: Solea senegalensis and Ruditapes semidecussatus), which were homogenized and agitated continuously for 25 h. The samples were extracted by pressurized hot solvent extraction using two different extraction temperatures (100 and 150 degrees C) and by traditional Soxhlet extraction. The best recoveries were obtained employing pressurized hot solvent extraction at 100 degrees C and varied in the range from 66.1 to 101.3% with a standard deviation of between 2 and 13. Detection limit was between 5 and 15 microg kg(-1) wet mass using HPLC-fluorescence detection. The analytical method developed in this paper has been applied for LAS determination in samples from a Flow-through exposure system with the objective of measuring the bioconcentration of this surfactant. 相似文献
50.
A novel experimental procedure to obtain α-benzyl-β-keto esters from the Heck reaction between arenediazonium tetrafluoroborate salts and Baylis-Hillman (BH) adducts in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst is described. The methodology is simple, straightforward and the use of arenediazonium salts as opposed to conventional arylhalides/triflates over the usual Heck reaction is highlighted. 相似文献