纳米金催化鲁米诺化学发光体系测定甲巯咪唑

在碱性介质中,甲巯咪唑能强烈增敏纳米金-鲁米诺-硝酸银化学发光体系产生较强的化学发光信号,据此建立了一种流动注射化学发光测定甲巯咪唑的新方法。在优化实验条件下,该方法对甲巯咪唑的检测线性范围为1.0×10-9~1.0×10-8、1.0×10-8~1.0×10-7、1.0×10-7~1.0×10-6g/mL,检出限(S/N=3)为3.0×10-10g/mL,相对标准偏差为1.2%(n=11,ρ=1.0×10-8g/mL)。将该法用于药物中甲巯咪唑含量的测定,结果满意。同时,采用化学发光光谱表征技术对该体系的化学发光反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

The Relationship of Freeze Tolerance with Intracellular Compounds in Baker’s Yeasts

Freeze-tolerant baker’s yeasts are required for the processing of frozen doughs. The present study was carried out to investigate the cell survival rate after frozen storage and the change of fermentability in dough due to frozen storage, and to discuss quantitatively the relationship of freeze tolerance with intracellular trehalose, amino acids, and glycerol, using six types of baker’s yeasts as the test materials. The experimental results showed that the fermentability of yeast cells in frozen dough was strongly correlated with the cell survival rate. The baker’s yeast with a higher level of cell survival rate had a larger increase in the total intracellular compound content after frozen storage, and the cell survival rate increased linearly with increasing total intracellular compound content in frozen yeast cells. Trehalose was a primary compound affecting freeze tolerance, followed by glutamic acid, arginine, proline, asparagic acid, and glycerol. The basic information provided by the present study is useful for exploring the freeze-tolerance mechanisms of baker’s yeast cells, breeding better freeze-tolerant baker’s yeast strains, and developing more effective cryoprotectants.     

ASE-GC-MS/MS测定细颗粒物(PM2.5)中24种多环芳烃

通过对前处理方法的比较,选择了快速溶剂萃取作为可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的提取方式,并且将ASE的萃取条件作了优化实验,确定ASE的优化结果为DCM:HEX=2:1,萃取温度为120℃,萃取压力为10.34 MPa。处理完的样品上气相色谱质谱-质谱测定,得到空白样品中24种PAHs均有检出,实际样品中的含量均低于10 ng/m L,6种替代物的标准曲线的相关系数在0.999以上,24种PAHs标准样品作了3个不同浓度范围的标准曲线,相关系数均在0.99以上。空白加标实验中得到6种替代物的回收率在58.7%~108.2%之间,24种PAHs的平均回收率在88.3%~104.0%之间,相对标准偏差均低于9.0%。样品加标实验中6种替代物的加标回收率在60.0%~106.5%之间,24种PAHs的回收率在78.0%~95.0%之间,相对标准偏差均低于6.0%。     

Accelerating Crystallization of Open Organic Materials by Poly(ionic liquid)s

The capability to significantly shorten the synthetic period of a broad spectrum of open organic materials presents an enticing prospect for materials processing and applications. Herein we discovered 1,2,4-triazolium poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) could serve as a universal additive to accelerate by at least one order of magnitude the growth rate of representative imine-linked crystalline open organics, including organic cages, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and macrocycles. This phenomenon results from the active C5-protons in poly(1,2,4-triazolium)s that catalyze the formation of imine bonds, and the simultaneous salting-out effect (induced precipitation by decreasing solubility) that PILs exert on these crystallizing species.     

A Fully Non-fused Ring Acceptor with Planar Backbone and Near-IR Absorption for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells

Fused-ring electron acceptors have made significant progress in recent years, while the development of fully non-fused ring acceptors has been unsatisfactory. Here, two fully non-fused ring acceptors, o-4TBC-2F and m-4TBC-2F, were designed and synthesized. By regulating the location of the hexyloxy chains, o-4TBC-2F formed planar backbones, while m-4TBC-2F displayed a twisted backbone. Additionally, the o-4TBC-2F film showed a markedly red-shifted absorption after thermal annealing, which indicated the formation of J-aggregates. For fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs), PBDB-T was used as a donor and blended with the two acceptors. The o-4TBC-2F-based blend films displayed higher charge mobilities, lower energy loss and a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE). The optimized devices based on o-4TBC-2F gave a PCE of 10.26 %, which was much higher than those based on m-4TBC-2F at 2.63 %, and it is one of the highest reported PCE values for fully non-fused ring electron acceptors.     

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor–Membrane Interactions Depend on the Receptor Activation State

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of human membrane proteins and serve as primary targets of approximately one-third of currently marketed drugs. In particular, adenosine A₁ receptor (A₁AR) is an important therapeutic target for treating cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injuries, neuropathic pain, and renal diseases. As a prototypical GPCR, the A₁AR is located within a phospholipid membrane bilayer and transmits cellular signals by changing between different conformational states. It is important to elucidate the lipid–protein interactions in order to understand the functional mechanism of GPCRs. Here, all-atom simulations using a robust Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) method were performed on both the inactive (antagonist bound) and active (agonist and G-protein bound) A₁AR, which was embedded in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid bilayer. In the GaMD simulations, the membrane lipids played a key role in stabilizing different conformational states of the A₁AR. Our simulations further identified important regions of the receptor that interacted distinctly with the lipids in highly correlated manner. Activation of the A₁AR led to differential dynamics in the upper and lower leaflets of the lipid bilayer. In summary, GaMD enhanced simulations have revealed strongly coupled dynamics of the GPCR and lipids that depend on the receptor activation state. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Emerging Bottom-Up Strategies for the Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons and Related Structures

The solution-phase synthesis is one of the most promising strategies for the preparation of well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in large scale. To prepare high quality, defect-free GNRs, cycloaromatization reactions need to be very efficient, proceed without side reaction and mild enough to accommodate the presence of various functional groups. In this Minireview, we present the latest synthetic approaches for the synthesis of GNRs and related structures, including alkyne benzannulation, photochemical cyclodehydrohalogenation, Mallory and Pd- and Ni-catalyzed reactions.     

An Activatable Polymeric Reporter for Near-Infrared Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Imaging of Invasive Cancer

Discriminative detection of invasive and noninvasive breast cancers is crucial for their effective treatment and prognosis. However, activatable probes able to do so in vivo are rare. Herein, we report an activatable polymeric reporter (P-Dex) that specifically turns on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent and photoacoustic (PA) signals in response to the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) overexpressed in invasive breast cancer. P-Dex has a renal-clearable dextran backbone that is linked with a NIR dye caged with an uPA-cleavable peptide substrate. Such a molecular design allows P-Dex to passively target tumors, activate NIR fluorescence and PA signals to effectively distinguish invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer from noninvasive MCF-7 breast cancer, and ultimately undergo renal clearance to minimize the toxicity potential. Thus, this polymeric reporter holds great promise for the early detection of malignant breast cancer.     

BaO∙4B2O3∙5H2O纳米材料的制备及其对聚丙烯阻燃性能的热分解动力学方法评价

Borate is considered one of the most important additives for improving the fire-resistance of combustible polymers because of its smoke suppression, low toxicity, and good thermal stability. However, the size of prepared borate is usually in the micrometer range, which makes it difficult to disperse in a polymer matrix, thus hindering its use as fire-retardant material. The preparation and application of borate nanomaterial as flame retardant is considered an effective method. However, the preparation of barium borate nanomaterials as flame retardant has not been reported. In this paper, nanosheets and nanoribbons with different sizes for a new barium borate BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O are prepared by hydrothermal method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The flame-retardant properties of polypropylene (PP)/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O composites are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis methods and limited oxygen index (LOI) method. Considering the near TG mass losses and the near LOI values for PP with 10% prepared BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O nanosheet and nanoribbon, their flame-retardant properties need to be further evaluated by non-isothermal decomposition kinetic method. The apparent activation energy for this decomposition reaction was obtained from the slope by plotting ln(β/T_p²) against 1/T_p according to Kissinger's model. With the reduction of TG mass loss, increased heat absorption in DSC under N₂ atmosphere, increased apparent activation energy E_a for the thermal decomposition of PP/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O composite as well as increased LOI value, the flame-retardant performance of prepared BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O samples with PP gradually improved from bulk to nanoribbon to nanosheet. This can be attributed to the decrease in the size of BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O samples because the smaller sample size leads to improved dispersion and increased contact area with the polymer. The flame-retardant mechanism is discussed by analyzing the after-flame chars of the PP/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O composite in SEM images, which show that the char layer is more compact and continuous for the PP/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O nanosheet composite. The influence of loading BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O nanomaterials on the mechanical properties of PP is also tested using a universal material testing machine, in which the PP/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O nanosheet composite has higher tensile strength. The PP/BaO·4B₂O₃·5H₂O nanosheet composite has the best flame-retardant and mechanical properties, which is promising to be developed for the application as flame-retardant material.     

A novel off-on fluorescent probe for specific detection and imaging of cysteine in live cells and in vivo

Cysteine(Cys)plays a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological processes,including detoxification and protein synthesis.The abnormal levels of Cys are linked to many diseases.In this study,a novel red-emitting off-on fluorescent probe Cys-TCF was masterly constructed for discriminative detection of Cys.After a series of experimental assessment,Cys-TCF displayed higher selectivity and sensitivity for Cys over other biothilols with a low detection limit(0.04μmol/L).More notably,the probe was also successfully applied to image Cys in live cells and live zebrafishes with low cytotoxicity.