全文获取类型
收费全文 | 54865篇 |
免费 | 10391篇 |
国内免费 | 8672篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 40658篇 |
晶体学 | 861篇 |
力学 | 3511篇 |
综合类 | 690篇 |
数学 | 6503篇 |
物理学 | 21705篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 110篇 |
2023年 | 942篇 |
2022年 | 1703篇 |
2021年 | 1921篇 |
2020年 | 2211篇 |
2019年 | 2271篇 |
2018年 | 1935篇 |
2017年 | 1961篇 |
2016年 | 2623篇 |
2015年 | 2838篇 |
2014年 | 3472篇 |
2013年 | 4339篇 |
2012年 | 5158篇 |
2011年 | 5402篇 |
2010年 | 3974篇 |
2009年 | 4035篇 |
2008年 | 4343篇 |
2007年 | 3688篇 |
2006年 | 3407篇 |
2005年 | 2805篇 |
2004年 | 2199篇 |
2003年 | 1769篇 |
2002年 | 1790篇 |
2001年 | 1484篇 |
2000年 | 1194篇 |
1999年 | 1017篇 |
1998年 | 755篇 |
1997年 | 721篇 |
1996年 | 626篇 |
1995年 | 518篇 |
1994年 | 500篇 |
1993年 | 381篇 |
1992年 | 286篇 |
1991年 | 269篇 |
1990年 | 246篇 |
1989年 | 161篇 |
1988年 | 154篇 |
1987年 | 124篇 |
1986年 | 116篇 |
1985年 | 80篇 |
1984年 | 53篇 |
1983年 | 55篇 |
1982年 | 40篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1957年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 890 毫秒
981.
Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - This paper is to establish a sufficient maximum principle for one kind of stochastic optimal control problem with three types of delays: a discrete... 相似文献
982.
Hui Jin Yan-bing Hou Xian-guo Meng Feng Teng 《高分子科学》2006,(6):553-558
In this paper, photoexcitation processes in the bilayer devices based on inorganic materials and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) were investigated. In order to clarify the roles of inorganic materials in photoconductive properties of bilayer devices, TiO2 and ZnS were chosen to combine with PVK. A model for generation of photocurrent (Iph) in single layer device of PVK was obtained. It is deduced that the recombination rate constant (Pcomb) and the ionization rate constant (y) ofexcitons should be considered as the most important factors for Iph. For inorganic materials (TiO2 or ZnS)/PVK bilayer devices, in reverse bias of-4 V, the photocurrent of 115 mA/cm^2 in the TiO2/PVK device was observed, but the photocurrent in the ZnS/PVK device was only 10 mA/cma under the illumination light of 340 nm and the light intensity of 14.2 mW/cm^2. The weaker photocurrent is attributed to the absorption of ZnS within UV region and the energy offset at the interface between PVK and ZnS, which impedes the transport of charge carriers. 相似文献
983.
本文研究滚装码头混合泊位分配和劳动力分配的联合调度优化问题。首先,考虑潮汐时间窗约束、装卸劳动力约束、泊位缆桩分布约束以及泊位不规则布局因素,建立以最小化船舶总服务时间为目标的混合整数规划模型。其次,采用内外嵌套算法设计策略,提出求解该类问题的组合算法。其中,外层是多种群并行进化的遗传算法,生成多种船舶计划顺序,内层为基于规则的启发式算法,用于计算给定计划顺序的目标函数值。然后,基于实际运营数据,生成多组不同规模的算例进行全面数值实验,结果表明所提出的算法可在10分钟内求解包含50艘船、100个泊段的算例。最后,开展基于真实滚装码头运营实例的案例分析,对所提模型和算法在实际码头调度问题中的适用性与高效性进行验证。 相似文献
984.
基于构建的数字经济发展水平评价指标体系与2010~2018年全国30个省市(除西藏、港澳台)的面板数据,对中国数字经济发展水平的时空特征、动态演化与区域差异原因进行探究。研究发现:全国及三大区域的数字经济发展水平均呈现稳步上升态势,并伴有明显的空间相关性、空间集聚性和区域差异性,且东部相较于中西部区域内差异更大。数字经济发展速度动态演化显示,整体上中国各省市数字化发展水平变化速度状态表现为上升趋势,相较于中西部,东部拥有更大的速度变化状态。地区前期数字化基础、经济发展的一阶滞后、政府科技投入均会促进区域数字经济的发展,对外开放水平会抑制数字经济发展,地区规模对数字经济的影响表现为非线性。此外,不同线性影响因素在不同区域内对数字经济发展水平具有不同的影响力。 相似文献
985.
Li Jingchao Su Bihao Wei Zhenghong Nie Ciyu 《Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability》2022,24(3):2169-2194
In this paper, we consider the problem of computing different types of finite time survival probabilities for a Markov-Modulated risk model and a Markov-Modulated risk model with reinsurance, both with varying premium rates. We use the multinomial approximation scheme to derive an efficient recursive algorithm to compute finite time survival probabilities and finite time draw-down survival probabilities. Numerical results show that by comparing with MCMC approximation, discretize approximation and diffusion approximation methods, the proposed scheme performs accurate results in all the considered cases and with better computation efficiency.
相似文献986.
The Regularity of Stochastic Convolution Driven by Tempered Fractional Brownian Motion and Its Application to Mean-field Stochastic Differential Equations
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of Nonlinear Modeling and Analysis》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
In this paper, some properties of a stochastic convolution driven by tempered fractional Brownian motion are obtained. Based on this result, we get the existence and uniqueness of stochastic mean-field equation driven by tempered fractional Brownian motion. Furthermore, combining with the Banach fixed point theorem and the properties of Mittag-Leffler functions, we study the existence and uniqueness of mild solution for a kind of time fractional mean-field stochastic differential equation driven by tempered fractional Brownian motion. 相似文献
987.
988.
K. Daum W. Rhode P. Bareyre R. Barloutaud G. Chardin B. Degrange J. Ernwein B. Kuznik H. Meyer L. Mosca L. Moscoso O. Perdereau M. Schubnell S. Tisserant Y. Wei 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1995,66(3):417-428
The combined analysis of the final event set of data on neutrino interactions inside the detector, upward going stopping muons and horizontal muons recorded in the Fréjus experiment is presented. The absolute atmospheric neutrino spectra in the energy range
for electron neutrinos and
for muon neutrinos are determined. Based on the parameterization of Volkova for thev
µ
a spectral index of =2.66±0.05 is obtained from the ratio of horizontal muons over upward going stopping muons and from the measurement of the energy loss of horizontal muons inside the detector. The neutrino spectra are compared with various flux calculations. They do not show any evidence for neutrino oscillations in agreement with earlier analyses of the Fréjus data.Now atUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA 相似文献
989.
A full-wave solution is presented for the waveguide to microstrip transition. The exact Green's function of the transition is used in a moment method procedure. The behavior of the microstrip transition to a rectangular waveguide is studied with respect to the critical dimensions of the microstrip width, length and backshort location. The convergence characteristics of the full wave analysis method are investigated, along with the current distribution and the input impedance. Results given for the return loss is compared with measurements. 相似文献
990.
热敏电阻温度计的设计与制作 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了设计性实验“热敏电阻的设计与制作”的实施情况。说明了只要选题合适、要求恰当,设计性实验不仅可行,而且对物理实验训练的总结提高十分有效。 相似文献