The Influence of Transformations in (GdCa)3(MgZrGa)5O12 Garnet Substrates on Films Properties

In (GdCa)₃(MgZrGa)₅O₁₂ garnet substrates two regions were found 200—300 °C and 600—700 °C with anomalous dependence of linear expansion coefficient α(T) on temperature (T). This effect causes the appearance of internal stresses, periodically changing in magnitude and sign in substrate-film system. The attempt is made to determine the correlation between these stresses and the character of domain structure in these films.     

Heat Waves: A New Danger for the Russian Power System

Doklady Physics - In this study, changes in temperature extremes in Russia are considered and the impact of these changes on the balance sheets of Russian power systems is analyzed. On the basis of...     

Studying the Link between the Potential of a Metal-Oxide Anode, the Current Efficiency for Chlorate, and the Current Losses for the Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution in a Wide Range of the Chlorate Electrolysis Conditions

Dependences of the current efficiency for chlorate and current losses for the oxygen evolution on the anode potential are studied. The study is performed in a cell without directed electrolyte circulation during the electrolysis of chloride–chlorate solutions of various compositions at the ORTA and ORTA-I1 anodes, at different current densities, temperatures, and solution pH. At identical temperatures, the dependences have extremums. The anode potentials corresponding to extremums coincide with critical potentials (found in a polarization study) for anodes covered with coatings containing ruthenium dioxide. The current efficiency for chlorate at ORTA-I1 is higher than that at ORTA, while the extremum region is less pronounced. The problem of how to substantially decrease the specific power consumption in the chlorate production by simultaneously increasing the anodic current density and the electrolysis temperature is considered.     

Application of the EBSD Method to Study the Fracture Mechanisms of Reactor Pressure Vessels Steels under Operational Factors

Crystallography Reports - The mechanisms of degradation of the structure and properties of steels of pressure vessels of pressurized water reactors (PWRs) have been analyzed using еlectron...     

Wave Processes in Three-Dimensional Stratified Flows of a Rotating Plasma in the Boussinesq Approximation

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in a stratified rotating plasma in a gravitational field are investigated in the Boussinesq approximation. A theory...     

Wind Regime Change over the Russian Territory and the Accident Rate of Overhead Power Lines

Doklady Physics - Changes in the wind regime over the territory of Russia are considered, and the impact of these changes on the accident rate of overhead power lines (OPLs) is analyzed. Based on...     

Error bounds for quadrature methods involving lower order derivatives

Quadrature methods for approximating the definite integral of a function f(t) over an interval [a,b] are in common use. Examples of such methods are the Newton–Cotes formulas (midpoint, trapezoidal and Simpson methods etc.) and the Gauss–Legendre quadrature rules, to name two types of quadrature. Error bounds for these approximations involve higher order derivatives. For the Simpson method, in particular, the error bound involves a fourth-order derivative. Discounting the fact that calculating a fourth-order derivative requires a lot of differentiation, the main concern is that an error bound for the Simpson method, for example, is only relevant for a function that is four times differentiable, a rather stringent condition. This paper caters for functions for which derivatives exist only of order lower than normally required. A number of quadrature methods are considered and error bounds derived involving only lower order derivatives that can be used depending on the smoothness of the function.     

Chlorine reaction with platinum triamine [Pt(N,N-DimeTm)PyCl3]Cl (N,N-DimeTm = (CH3)2N(CH2)3NH2). Crystal structure of [Pt(N,N-DimeTm)Cl2], [Pt(N,N-DimeTm(Py)Cl3]Cl · H2O and [Pt{(CH3)2N(CH2)2C(O)NH}(Py)Cl3]

Treatment of platinum(II) diamine [Pt(N,N-DimeTm)Cl₂] (I) with pyridine gave tetramine [Pt(N,N-DimeTm)Py₂]Cl₂ (II); by oxidation with chlorine this was converted to Pt(IV) triamine, [Pt“(N,N-DimeTm(Py)Cl₃]Cl (III) with a six-membered chelate ring. According to X-ray diffraction data, the reaction of complex II with chlorine is accompanied by removal of the pyridine molecule from the trans-position to the NH₂ group of N,N-dimethyltrimethylenediamine. The reaction of complex III with chlorine at 20°C afforded a mixture of compounds (IV) and the complex [Pt“(CH₃)₂N(CH₂)₂C(O)NH”(Py)Cl₃] (V) with an amidate six-membered metal ring, dimethylpropioamide, which was also isolated upon refluxing a mixture of IV in an aqueous solution. The UV/Vis and IR spectra of the obtained complexes were studied, and X-ray diffraction analysis of I, III, and V was performed. The crystals of I are triclinic, space group P $ \bar 1 $ ; a = 7.6526(4) Å, b = 11.5571(6) Å, c = 12.4432(7) Å, α = 113.85(1)°, β = 96.54(2)°, γ = 106.78(2)°; Z = 4; R _hkl = 0.051. The crystals of III are monoclinic, space group C2/c; a = 36.715(2) Å, b = 7.8179(4) Å, c = 29.721(16) Å, β = 127.80(1)°; Z = 16; R _hkl = 0.036. The crystals of V are monoclinic, space group P2₁/n; a = 7.0398(6) Å, b = 27.458(2) Å, c = 7.687(6) Å, β = 106.270(1)°; Z = 4; R _hkl = 0.052.     

Biodeterioration of adhesives based on thermoplastic polyurethanes under the action of soil microorganisms

Results of an investigation of the resistance of thermoplastic polyurethanes to the action of biological factors are presented. The mechanism of polyurethane destruction is described. The limiting stage of biostability is shown to be the surface biodeterioration of the material.