Recovery and suppression of the detonation of hydrogen-air mixtures at an obstacle with orifices

A numerical simulation of the interaction of detonation waves with an obstacle having orifices and an analysis of the results were performed. The calculations were conducted using the 3D GasDynamicTool code for a model gas with parameters of detonation corresponding to a hydrogen-air stoichiometric mixture under normal conditions. Within the framework of the assumptions made, it was shown that, upon interaction with a perforated partition, a detonation wave experiences disintegration accompanied by the formation of unsteady jets of detonation products, with each one being preceded by a shock wave. The simulations demonstrated that the reinitiation of detonation downstream from the partition is determined by the dynamics of the ignition caused by the interaction between the converging shock waves formed ahead of the jets outflowing from neighboring orifices.     

Localization estimates for a random discrete wave equation at high frequency

It is shown that at high frequencies matrix elements of the Green's function of a random discrete wave equation decay exponentially at long distances. This is the input to the proof of dense point spectrum with localized eigenfunctions in this frequency range. The proof uses techniques of Fröhlich and Spencer. A sequence of renormalization transformations shows that large regions where wave propagation is easily maintained become increasingly sparse as resonance is approached.     

Products of interaction between Sulfur(IV) oxide and aqueous solutions of hexamethylendiamine and tert-Butylamine: The crystal structure of hexamethylenediammonium sulfate dihydrate

The possibility of mild SO₂ oxidation in sulfur(IV) oxide-alkylamine-water-oxygen systems is demonstrated to yield onium sulfates.     

Raman Scattering at Resonant or Near-Resonant Conditions: A Generalized Short-Time Approximation

We investigate the dynamics of resonant Raman scattering in the course of the frequency de-tuning. The dephasing in the time domain makes the scattering fast when the photon energy is tuned from the absorption resonance. This makes frequency detuning to act as a cam-era shutter with a regulated scattering duration and provides a practical tool of controlling the scattering time in ordinary stationary measurements. The theory is applied to resonant Raman spectra of a couple of few-mode model systems and to trans-1,3,5-hexatriene and guanine-cytosine (G-C) Watson-Crick base pairs (DNA) molecules. Besides some particular physical effects, the regime of fast scattering leads to a simplification of the spectrum as well as to the scattering theory itself. Strong overtones appear in the Raman spectra when the photon frequency is tuned in the resonant region, while in the mode of fast scattering, the overtones are gradually quenched when the photon frequency is tuned more than one vibra-tional quantum below the first absorption resonance. The detuning from the resonant region thus leads to a strong purification of the Raman spectrum from the contamination by higher overtones and soft modes and purifies the spectrum also in terms of avoidance of dissociationand interfering fluorescence decay of the resonant state. This makes frequency detuning a very useful practical tool in the analysis of the resonant Raman spectra of complex systems and considerably improves the prospects for using the Raman effect for detection of foreign substances at ultra-low concentrations.     

High-capacity quantum secure direct communication with two-photon six-qubit hyperentangled states

This study proposes the first high-capacity quantum secure direct communication(QSDC) with two-photon six-qubit hyperentangled Bell states in two longitudinal momentum and polarization degrees of freedom(DOFs) of photon pairs, which can be generated using two 0.5 mm-thick type-I β barium borate crystal slabs aligned one behind the other and an eight-hole screen. The secret message can be independently encoded on the photon pairs with 64 unitary operations in all three DOFs. This protocol has a higher capacity than previous QSDC protocols because each photon pair can carry 6 bits of information, not just 2 or 4 bits.Our QSDC protocol decreases the influence of decoherence from environment noise by exploiting the decoy photons to check the security of the transmission of the first photon sequence. Compared with two-way QSDC protocols, our QSDC protocol is immune to an attack by an eavesdropper using Trojan horse attack strategies because it is a one-way quantum communication.The QSDC protocol has good applications in the future quantum communication because of all these features.     

A comparative study of the effectiveness of vibration and acoustic emission in diagnosing a defective bearing in a planetry gearbox

Whilst vibration analysis of planetary gearbox faults is relatively well established, the application of Acoustic Emission (AE) to this field is still in its infancy. For planetary-type gearboxes it is more challenging to diagnose bearing faults due to the dynamically changing transmission paths which contribute to masking the vibration signature of interest.     

Interactive evolutionary multi-objective optimization for quasi-concave preference functions

We present a new hybrid approach to interactive evolutionary multi-objective optimization that uses a partial preference order to act as the fitness function in a customized genetic algorithm. We periodically send solutions to the decision maker (DM) for her evaluation and use the resulting preference information to form preference cones consisting of inferior solutions. The cones allow us to implicitly rank solutions that the DM has not considered. This technique avoids assuming an exact form for the preference function, but does assume that the preference function is quasi-concave. This paper describes the genetic algorithm and demonstrates its performance on the multi-objective knapsack problem.     

On certain decompositions of complex inverse Toeplitz matrices and related fast algorithms for solving linear systems with Toeplitz coefficient matrices

Formulas for inverting nonsingular Toeplitz matrices with complex entries are derived. These formulas either refine known ones or are new. They make it possible to develop economical algorithms for calculating products of inverse Toeplitz matrices with vectors.     

High-Efficiency Three-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with Quantum Dense Coding and Bell States

We propose a high-efficiency three-party quantum key agreement protocol, by utilizing two-photon polarization-entangled Bell states and a few single-photon polarization states as the information carriers, and we use the quantum dense coding method to improve its efficiency. In this protocol, each participant performs one of four unitary operations to encode their sub-secret key on the passing photons which contain two parts, the first quantum qubits of Bell states and a small number of single-photon states. At the end of this protocol, based on very little information announced by other, all participants involved can deduce the same final shared key simultaneously. We analyze the security and the efficiency of this protocol, showing that it has a high efficiency and can resist both outside attacks and inside attacks. As a consequence, our protocol is a secure and efficient three-party quantum key agreement protocol.

     

Near-field Raman spectroscopy of biological nanomaterials by in situ laser-induced synthesis of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy tips

We report a new approach in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) in which TERS-active tips with enhancement factors of ～10(-5)× can be rapidly (1-3 min) produced in situ by laser-induced synthesis of silver nanoparticles at the tip apex. The technique minimizes the risks of tip contamination and damage during handling and provides in situ feedback control, which allows the prediction of the tip performance. We show that TERS tips produced by this technique enable the measurement of spatially resolved TERS spectra of self-assembled peptide nanotubes with a spatial resolution of ～20 nm.