Structure of the α-phase of solid methanol

The crystal structure of α-methanol at 15K has been determined from neutron powder diffraction measurements. The structure is orthorhombic, space group P2₁2₁2₁. The molecular geometry is found to be very similar to that in the gas phase, but the methyl group no longer has ideal 3-fold symmetry. The crystal is formed by infinite hydrogen-bonded chains of molecules with adjacent chains ‘pointing’ in opposite directions. The O-H … O hydrogen bonds are almost linear. No phase intermediate between the low temperature α-phase and the high temperature β-phase was found, but a new, metastable phase was discovered.     

Quantum anomalous Hall effect and related topological electronic states

Over a long period of exploration, the successful observation of quantized version of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in thin film of magnetically doped topological insulator (TI) completed a quantum Hall trio—quantum Hall effect (QHE), quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE), and quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE). On the theoretical front, it was understood that the intrinsic AHE is related to Berry curvature and U(1) gauge field in momentum space. This understanding established connection between the QAHE and the topological properties of electronic structures characterized by the Chern number. With the time-reversal symmetry (TRS) broken by magnetization, a QAHE system carries dissipationless charge current at edges, similar to the QHE where an external magnetic field is necessary. The QAHE and corresponding Chern insulators are also closely related to other topological electronic states, such as TIs and topological semimetals, which have been extensively studied recently and have been known to exist in various compounds. First-principles electronic structure calculations play important roles not only for the understanding of fundamental physics in this field, but also towards the prediction and realization of realistic compounds. In this article, a theoretical review on the Berry phase mechanism and related topological electronic states in terms of various topological invariants will be given with focus on the QAHE and Chern insulators. We will introduce the Wilson loop method and the band inversion mechanism for the selection and design of topological materials, and discuss the predictive power of first-principles calculations. Finally, remaining issues, challenges and possible applications for future investigations in the field will be addressed.     

High resolution dynamic cardiac MRI using partial separability of spatiotemporal signals with a novel sampling scheme

The partial separability (PS) of spatiotemporal signals has been exploited to accelerate dynamic cardiac MRI by sampling two datasets (training and imaging datasets) without breath-holding or ECG triggering. According to the theory of partially separable functions, the wider the range of spatial frequency components covered by the training dataset, the more accurate the temporal constraint imposed by the PS model. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new sampling scheme for the PS model in order to cover a wider range of spatial frequency components. In this paper, we propose the use of radial sampling trajectories for collecting the training dataset and Cartesian sampling trajectories for collecting the imaging dataset. In vivo high resolution cardiac MRI experiments demonstrate that the proposed data sampling scheme can significantly improve the image quality. The image quality using the PS model with the proposed sampling scheme is comparable to that of a commercial method using retrospective cardiac gating and breath-holding. The success of this study demonstrates great potential for high-quality, high resolution dynamic cardiac MRI without ECG gating or breath-holding through use of the PS model and the novel data sampling scheme.     

用概率断裂力学方法预测管状接头的疲劳寿命

本文研究了Ｔ型管状接头在面内和面外弯曲循环载荷作用下的疲劳强度问题，通过将材料常数和初始裂纹尺寸作为随机变量，采用ＭｏｎＣａｒｌｏ模拟方法对疲劳寿命进行了统计分析．同时，对计算结果进行了线性回归，并与实验结果作了比较。     

Second-order Asymptotics on Distributions of Maxima of Bivariate Elliptical Arrays

Let {(ξni, ηni), 1 ≤ i ≤ n, n ≥ 1} be a triangular array of independent bivariate elliptical random vectors with the same distribution function as(S_1, ρ_n S_1 +(1-ρ_n~2S_2)~(1/2)), ρn∈(0, 1), where(S1, S2) is a bivariate spherical random vector. For the distribution function of radius (S_1~2+ S_2~2)~(1/2) belonging to the max-domain of attraction of the Weibull distribution, the limiting distribution of maximum of this triangular array is known as the convergence rate of ρn to 1 is given. In this paper,under the refinement of the rate of convergence of ρn to 1 and the second-order regular variation of the distributional tail of radius, precise second-order distributional expansions of the normalized maxima of bivariate elliptical triangular arrays are established.     

Mg掺杂PST薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及晶相形成研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了Mg掺杂Pb_0.4Sr_0.6Mg_xTi< sub>1-xO_3-x薄膜，利用x射线衍射仪对薄膜的物相和结构进行了分析， 用扫描电子显微镜对薄膜的形貌和断面等进行了观察.研究结果表明，薄膜以立方钙钛矿为 晶相，薄膜中晶相以团聚状颗粒存在，晶相含量受热处理条件和Mg的掺杂量所控制.Mg掺杂 对Pb_0.4Sr_0.6Mg_xTi_1-xO_3-x 薄膜晶相含量的影响与钙钛矿中的氧空位缺陷相关.在一定的掺杂范围内，由掺杂引起晶相 的晶格畸变较小时，体系掺Mg平衡了晶体内本征氧空位引入的电荷不平衡，使晶相更为稳定 ，析晶能力提高，晶体形成量随掺杂浓度的提高而提高.当掺杂浓度达到一定量时， 随着Mg 掺杂浓度增加，一方面使形成晶体时杂质浓度增加造成参与形成晶相的组成含量下降，另一 方面使进入钙钛矿结构的Mg增加，氧空位大量增加使畸变程度提高，形成的晶相不稳定，析 晶能力下降，晶体含量随掺杂Mg浓度的增加而不增反降.在相同条件下制备的Pb_{0.4Sr0.6MgxTi1-xO3-x薄膜中Mg掺量约为 x=0.01时，得到的钙钛矿相含量最高，本征氧缺陷所带入的正电荷和Mg引入时带入的负电荷 间达到平衡.此外，Mg的掺入还影响到析晶与热处理过程之间的关系.在高Mg掺量范围，Mg含 量越高，形成的晶相越不稳定，热处理时间越长，使热处理过程中分解的晶相量越多，随Mg 掺量越高和热处理时间越长，薄膜中晶相含量越低. 关键词： 溶胶-凝胶法 PST薄膜 Mg掺杂 晶相形成}     

Nanosecond-time-resolved infrared spectroscopic study of fast relaxation kinetics of protein folding by means of laser-induced temperature-jump

Elucidating the initial kinetics of folding pathways is critical to the understanding of the protein folding mechanism. Transient infrared spectroscopy has proved a powerful tool to probe the folding kinetics. Herein we report the construction of a nanosecond laser-induced temperature-jump （T-jump） technique coupled to a nanosecond timeresolved transient mid-infrared （mid-IR） spectrometer system capable of investigating the protein folding kinetics with a temporal resolution of 50 ns after deconvolution of the instrumental response function. The mid-IR source is a liquid N2 cooled CO laser covering a spectral range of 5.0μm （2000 cm^-1）-6.5μm （1540 cm^-1）. The heating pulse was generated by a high pressure H2 Raman shifter at wavelength of 1.9μm. The maximum temperature-jump could reach as high as 26±1℃. The fast folding/unfolding dynamics of cytochrome C was investigated by the constructed system, providing an example.     

Multivariate risk models under heavy‐tailed risks

In this paper, we consider four common types of ruin probabilities for a discrete‐time multivariate risk model, where the insurer is assumed to be exposed to a vector of net losses resulting from a number of business lines over each period. By assuming a large initial capital for the risk model and regularly varying distributions for the net losses, we establish some interesting asymptotic estimates for ruin probabilities in terms of the upper tail dependence function of the net loss vector. Our results insightfully characterize how the dependence structure among the individual net losses affect the ruin probabilities in an asymptotic sense, and more importantly, from our main results, explicit asymptotic estimates for those ruin probabilities can be obtained via specifying a copula for the net loss vectors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微量元素制剂辅助治疗复发性口疮疗效观察

报道了１０３例ＲＡＵ患者使用微量元素制剂辅助治疗的临床疗效观察。将两个实验组分别与对照组比较。结果显示：应用锌、铁制剂辅助雷公藤、复方丹参等治疗的实验组Ｉ效果优于雷公藤、复方丹参对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），而仅用锌、铁制剂治疗的实验组Ⅱ临床效果比对照组差（Ｐ〈０．０１），但锌、铁制剂有改善ＲＡＵ临床症状作用，而不能较好地控制其复发。