Effect of Cationic Surfactant on the Inhibition of Ligninase by Hydrogen Peroxide

The inhibition of lingninase by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of cationic surfactant CTAB was studied by kinetic speetrophotometdc technique. Results showed that addition of CTAB enhanced the inhibition by H202, but it did not alter the inhibition pattern and the inhibition constant changed little with theco-ncentration of CTAB. Modification of the enzymic protein by the surfactant monomer may be responsible for the above mentioned results.     

One—Pot Synthese of 3,4—Dihydropyrimidine—2（1H）—thiones Catalyzed by La（OTf）3

A general and practical procedure for the syntheses of 3,4-di-hydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones by a one-pot condensation of aldehyde,β-ketoester or β-diketone and thiourea using La(OTf)3 as the catalyst is described.Mild reaction conditions,excellent yields as well as the environmentally friendly character of La(OTf)3 make it an important alternative to the classic acid-catalyzed Biginelli‘s reaction.     

Improving MCM‐41 as a Nitrosamines Trap through a One‐Pot Synthesis

Copper oxide was incorporated into MCM‐41 by a one‐pot synthesis under acidic conditions to prepare a new mesoporous nitrosamines trap for protection of the environment. The resulting composites were characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption–desorption, and H₂ temperature‐programmed reduction techniques, and their adsorption capabilities were assessed in the gaseous adsorption of N‐nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR). The adsorption isotherms were consistent with the Freundlich equation. The copper salt was deposited onto MCM‐41 during the evaporation stage and was fixed on the host in the calcination process that followed. MCM‐41 was able to capture NPYR in air below 373 K but not at 453 K. Loading of copper oxide on MCM‐41 greatly improved its adsorption capability at elevated temperatures. The influence of the incorporation of copper into MCM‐41 samples and the adsorption behavior of these samples are discussed in detail.     

An automated capillary electrophoresis system for high-speed separation of DNA fragments based on a short capillary

A high-speed DNA fragment separation system was developed based on a short capillary and a slotted-vial array automated sample introduction system. The injection process of DNA sample in a short capillary was investigated systematically with three injection techniques including constant-field-strength, low-field-strength and translational spontaneous injections. Under the optimized conditions, picoliter-scale sample plugs (corresponding to ca. 20-μm plug length) were obtained, which ensure the high-speed and high-efficiency separation for DNA fragments with a short effective separation length. Other separation conditions including the sieving matrix concentration, separation field strength and effective separation length were also optimized. The present system was applied in the separation of ΦX174-Hae III digest DNA marker. With an effective separation length of 2.5 cm, the separation could be achieved in <100 s with plate heights ranging from 0.21 to 0.74 μm (corresponding to plate numbers from 4.86 × 10(6) to 1.36 × 10(6)/m). The repeatabilities for the migration time of the eleven fragments were between 0.4 and 1.1% RSD (n=8). By using the automated continuous injection method, the separation for four different DNA samples could be achieved within 250 s. The present system was further applied in the fast sizing of real DNA samples of PCR products.     

Probing highly efficient photoisomerization of a bridged azobenzene by a combination of CASPT2//CASSCF calculation with semiclassical dynamics simulation

Mechanism of phototriggered isomerization of azobenzene and its derivatives is of broad interest. In this paper, the S(0) and S(1) potential energy surfaces of the ethylene-bridged azobenzene (1) that was recently reported to have highly efficient photoisomerization were determined by ab initio electronic structure calculations at different levels and further investigated by a semiclassical dynamics simulation. Unlike azobenzene, the cis isomer of 1 was found to be more stable than the trans isomer, consistent with the experimental observation. The thermal isomerization between cis and trans isomers proceeds via an inversion mechanism with a high barrier. Interestingly, only one minimum-energy conical intersection was determined between the S(0) and S(1) states (CI) for both cis → trans and trans → cis photoisomerization processes and confirmed to act as the S(1) → S(0) decay funnel. The S(1) state lifetime is ～30 fs for the trans isomer, while that for the cis isomer is much longer, due to a redistribution of the initial excitation energies. The S(1) relaxation dynamics investigated here provides a good account for the higher efficiency observed experimentally for the trans → cis photoisomerization than the reverse process. Once the system decays to the S(0) state via CI, formation of the trans product occurs as the downhill motion on the S(0) surface, while formation of the cis isomer needs to overcome small barriers on the pathways of the azo-moiety isomerization and rotation of the phenyl ring. These features support the larger experimental quantum yield for the cis → trans photoisomerization than the trans → cis process.     

DNA电化学传感器在DNA片段识别与测定中的应用

本文用乙基－（３－二甲基丙基）碳二亚胺盐酸盐（ＥＤＣ）和羟基丁二酰亚胺（ＮＨＳ）活化已被氧化的石墨电极,然后将单链ＤＮＡ（ｓｓＤＮＡ－１）固定在石墨电极上。运用核酸杂交技术,使具有电化学活性的染料Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ ３３２５８ 嵌入双链ＤＮＡ 分子（ｄｓＤＮＡ）的碱基对中,在石墨电极表面形成ｄｓＤＮＡ－Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ ３３２５８ 层,通过伏安法测定嵌入Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ ３３２５８的氧化峰电流,可以识别和测定溶液中互补的ｓｓＤＮＡ－２ 片段,ｓｓＤＮＡ－２ 的浓度在４．８×１０－ ５～１．１×１０－ ７ ｍ ｇ／ｍ Ｌ范围内,有线性关系,检测限可达６．０×１０－ ８ ｍ ｇ／ｍ Ｌ。     

功能化的石墨烯和磁铁掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用

用简单可行的方法合成了功能化的石墨烯(GNSPF6)和磁铁掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯(RGO-Fe3O4),并进一步研究了pH值、接触的时间和温度对它们吸附亚甲基蓝(MB)的影响.结果表明,随着pH值和温度的增加其吸附量也随之变大,从而说明该吸附过程是自发吸热的.因为GNSPF6的吸附过程只用了不到20min的时间,所以它的吸附是高效的.用经典的准一级反应、准二级反应和粒内扩散模型对其吸附过程进行动态分析,从结果可以发现,准二级动力学模型比准一级动力学模型更适用于描述吸附过程.采用传统的Langmuir,Freundlich和L-F吸附等温线模型来模拟分析数据,在20℃时,由Langmuir吸附等温线模型模拟分析得知GNSPF6和RGO-Fe3O4对MB的最大吸附量分别为374.4和118.4mg/g.     

层状双金属氢氧化物及其复合材料加速电解水制氢的研究进展

随着经济社会的不断发展和能源的不断消耗,开发清洁能源已引起研究者们的广泛关注。层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)具有典型的层状结构、制备难度低、组成易调节等优点,在电催化分解水方面表现出可与贵金属催化剂相媲美的性能。目前LDH催化剂仍然存在稳定性不足、活性位点辨别不明、电催化反应机理模糊不清等科学问题亟待解决。本文首先介绍了LDH材料的性质和制备方法,重点从元素和化合物对LDH材料结构和性能的调控、取代阳极OER以及海水氧化三个方面综述了LDH材料在电催化制氢方面的研究进展,阐述了LDH复合材料的形貌、界面作用及化合物之间的协同作用。最后对LDH材料更深层次的研究方向作出展望。     

一维六方准晶压电材料中幂函数型曲线裂纹的反平面问题

依据一维六方准晶压电材料反平面问题的基本方程,利用复变函数方法,通过引入适当的保角映射,研究了一维六方准晶压电材料中幂函数型曲线裂纹的反平面问题,并利用Cauchy积分理论,得到电不可通和电可通边界条件下的应力场和位移场的复表示以及裂纹尖端场强度因子的解析表达式.