Bell Inequalities and Separability of Uncommon Causes from the Setup Configuration

In the present paper the integration region Λ with more than one hidden variable is attributed to a pair of particles in the Bell's thought experiment as the local causal events in their common lightcone. Moreover, the possibility of uncommon causal events influencing the spin measurement is not ignored. Then, with regard to the separability of the influence of the uncommon events from configuration of the setup, and by relying on local realism and coherency, each of the Bell's inequality versions is obtained by measuring spin in three and four different directions. PACS numbers: 03.65.Ud 03.65.Ta.     

Investigating the influence of pH,temperature and agitation speed on yellow pigment production by Penicillium aculeatum ATCC 10409

In this study, the combined effect of pH, temperature and agitation speed on yellow pigment production and mycelial growth of Penicillium aculeatum ATCC 10409 was investigated in whey media. Different pH levels (5, 6.5 and 8), temperatures (25, 30 and 35°C) and agitation speed levels (100 and 150 rpm) were tested to determine the best conditions to produce a fungal yellow pigment under submerged fermentation. The best production of yellow pigment (1.38 g/L) was obtained with a pH value of 6.5, a temperature of 30°C and an agitation speed of 150 rpm. In contrast, the maximal biomass concentration (11.12 g/L) was obtained at pH value of 8, a temperature of 30°C and an agitation speed of 100 rpm. These results demonstrated that biomass and yellow pigment production were not directly associated. The identification of the structure of unknown P. aculeatum yellow pigment was detected using UV absorption spectrum and FT-IR spectroscopy.     

Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of nitrate in bottled drinking waters sold in Iranian markets: A Monte Carlo simulation

Accreditation and Quality Assurance - The main objective of the current research was to evaluate nitrate content in different brands of bottled drinking waters sold in Iranian markets using the...     

Synthesis of MnO2/CdTiO3 nano‐structure for high performance photocatalysis and antimicrobial application

A MnO₂/CdTiO₃ is prepared by a simple chemical method. The organic compound such as antibiotics is a contaminant found in large amounts in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. Pharmaceutical compounds are toxic. The nano‐product was characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, DLS and UV–vis DRS revealed that the MnO₂ nanoparticles were supported on the CdTiO₃ surface. The crystallite size was found as 72.11 nm, and 38.13 nm for CdTiO₃, and MnCdTi‐1 nanocomposites, respectively. The prepared catalyst was used for photo‐degradation of cephalexin under UV light irradiation. The result implies the complete degradation of cephalexin was carried out at 80 min for MnCdTi‐2 nanocomposites (88.88%) due to this catalyst has the lowest band gap compared to the other catalyst. The MnO₂/CdTiO₃ was selected for fungicidal and bactericidal efficiency against Aspergillus flavus, and candida albicans and Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The MnO₂/CdTiO₃–2 has great activity is compared with the other MnO₂/CdTiO₃–0 and MnO₂/CdTiO₃–1 samples.     

Sol–gel combustion synthesis and characterization of nanostructure copper chromite spinel

Nanocomposite copper chromite spinel was fabricated by sol–gel process using copper nitrate trihydrate, chromium nitrate nonahydrate, ethylene glycol, diethyl ether, and citric acid. The thermoanalytical measurements (TG–DTG), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to characterize the structural and the chemical features of the nanocomposites. TG–DTG results showed that the major mass loss for copper(II) nitrate, chromium(III) nitrate as precursors occur at 258 and 140 °C, respectively. The major mass loss for dried gel of copper chromite occurs at 310 °C. XRD data revealed the formation of pure copper chromite after thermal decomposition at 1,000 °C for 2 h. The observation of XRD patterns reveals the presence of single-phase tetragonal spinel CuCr₂O₄. FESEM analysis of calcined composite was found to be in the range of 20–30 nm.     

Supersymmetry approaches to the radial bound states of the hydrogen‐like atoms

Various structural possibilities for Al_nN and Al_nN₂ (n = 1–7) neutral and cationic isomers are investigated, using the density functional method of Becke's three‐parameter hybrid exchange functional with the Lee–Yang–Parr nonlocal correlation. Structural optimization and frequency analyses are performed with the basis of 6‐311+G(d) for both the neutrals and cations. The calculations predicted the existence of a number of previously unknown isomers (i.e., Al₅N₂ and Al₆N₂). The resulting geometries show that the nitrogen atom prefers to be trapped and not to be on the periphery. Frequency analyses indicate that the 3‐D Al₅N, which was previous proposed as the ground‐state structure, is in fact a first‐order stationary point with an imaginary frequency at 45i (a₂). The optimized ground‐state structure of Al₅N obtained in this work is a planar configuration with the symmetry of C_2v. The calculated adiabatic ionization potentials in their ground states showed that AlN, Al₂N, Al₃N, and Al₄N₂ clusters are more stable than any others in Al_nN and Al_nN₂ (n = 1–7) species, being consistent with the observed time‐of‐flight (TOF) signal intensities. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

Effect of pH and α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrin on the spectral properties of etoricoxib: spectroscopic and molecular dynamics study

The spectral properties of etoricoxib (ETR) at pH 2.0, 6.0 and 10.0 in the presence of cyclodextrins (CDs) were investigated. The absorption spectrum of ETR in acidic medium exhibited two bands centered at 236 and 273 nm, while in basic medium it exhibited two bands centered at 236 and 285 nm. No change in the spectrum was observed in the presence of CDs. The fluorescence emission spectra of ETR in acidic and basic media exhibited one band at 380 nm and another one at 484 nm. The emission band at 484 nm was enhanced when ETR was complexed with β-CD and γ-CD at pH 2.0, 6.0 and 10.0, while the band at 380 nm was enhanced selectively when ETR was complexed with α-CD at pH 2.0. Molecular dynamics simulations computations revealed that at pH 2.0, the sulfonyl moiety of H₂ETR²⁺ is preferentially included within the α-CD cavity, which is believed to cause the enhancement of the band at 380 nm. Moreover, at pH 6.0 and 10.0, the enhancement of the band at 484 nm was related to the inclusion of the chloropyridinyl and methylpyridinyl groups of the bipyridine moiety of HETR⁺ and ETR within β-CD and γ-CD cavities. Benesi–Hildebrand analysis showed that the ETR/β-CD complex adopts a 1:1 stoichiometry with association constant of K ₁₁?=?64.8 at pH 2.0, K ₁₁?=?105.4 at pH 6.0 and K ₁₁?=?520.5 at pH 10.0.