IBA-2 model calculation on even mass tellurium isotopes compared with results of recent nuclear orientation experiments

Calculations using the IBA-2 model code are presented for even-even tellurium isotopes¹¹⁸Te to¹²⁴Te. Three parameter sets are used, two from previous work and a third chosen to give optimum fit to experimental positive parity energy levels and B(E2) ratios. With only two additional parameters, each with simple physical interpretation, the three parameter sets are shown to give excellent fits to the known collective negative parity states in these isotopes. Failure to fit the O ₂ ⁺ ,O ₃ ⁺ and 2 ₃ ⁺ levels suggests these may be 4p-2h intruder states, although their Behaviour with varying neutron number is not as clearly characteristic of such configurations as is found for the 2p-4h states in Cd isotopes.     

Semiclassical methods for unstable states

We find a role for previously rejected unstable solitons. They describe processes by which a metastable vacuum state decays. Using these solutions we find a halflife for such states which agrees with that obtained by more restrictive methods.     

On establishing the validity of enthalpy-entropy relationships

All the methods so far proposed for deriving enthalpy-entropy relations fail to take into consideration the physical reasons for implied functional dependence between the activation parameters. In order to avoid spurious results it is essential to establish first the physical basis upon which the variation in the specific reaction rate itself depends, and then to carry that information through to the enthalpy-entropy plane.The proposals made here are of general application for establishing valid functional enthalpy-entropy relations, whatever their form, and in this context linear correlations are merely a subset.     

Vibration-inversion-rotation spectra of ammonia. The “inverse” eigenvalue problem for the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation

An iteration procedure based on the Numerov-Cooley method of numerical integration is proposed for the computation of the potential function parameters in a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation from the experimental energies. The procedure has been tested on a calculation of the parameters of a Morse potential function and has been applied to a determination of the parameters of a double-minimum potential for the inversion motion of NH₃ and ND₃.     

Vibration-inversion-rotation spectra of ammonia: Centrifugal distortion, Coriolis interactions, and force field in NH3, NH3, ND3, and NT3

An effective inversion-rotation Hamiltonian has been developed for NH₃ which avoids the necessity of having to include high powers of the inversion motion coordinate in the Taylor expansions of the potential energy and the inverse moment of inertia tensor. This nonrigid bender Hamiltonian describes the centrifugal distortion and the Coriolis interactions in the ground and excited inversion states. It also describes the inversion doublings in the ground and excited vibration-inversion states of ammonia. A least-squares procedure that includes the numerical integration of the Schrödinger wave equation has been used to determine the harmonic force field and the double-minimum inversion potential function for (¹⁴NH₃, ¹⁵NH₃) and for (¹⁴ND₃ and ¹⁴NT₃).The anomalous rotational dependence of the inversion doublings in the (±l) components of the v₄ = 1 state of ¹⁴NH₃ has been explained by the Coriolis interactions between v₂=1, v₄ = 1, v₂ = 2, v₂ = 1, v₄ = 1, and v₂ = 3 vibration-inversion states.     

Surface effects and reflection refractometry of optical fibres

Refractive index profiles of several types of silica-based low-loss optical fibres have been measured by the surface reflection technique. When polished samples are used inaccurate data are obtained. For germanium- and phosphorus-doped samples good results are obtained using samples prepared by fracturing the end of the fibre. For borosilicate fibres rapid changes due to atmospheric exposure result in inaccurate data.     

Evidence for a role of glutamate as an efferent transmitter in taste buds

Background  

Glutamate has been proposed as a transmitter in the peripheral taste system in addition to its well-documented role as an umami taste stimulus. Evidence for a role as a transmitter includes the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptors in nerve fibers and taste cells, as well as the expression of the glutamate transporter GLAST in Type I taste cells. However, the source and targets of glutamate in lingual tissue are unclear. In the present study, we used molecular, physiological and immunohistochemical methods to investigate the origin of glutamate as well as the targeted receptors in taste buds.