Comparative Studies of Phase-Cycling Schemes for Multiple π-Pulse Sequences

Recently, a new phase cycling scheme was introduced by this laboratory for use in biological solid-state NMR experiments involving multiple π-pulses with characteristics that suggested it may enhance the sensitivity of these kind of experiments (Y. Li and J. N. S. Evans, 1995,Chem. Phys. Lett.241,79 and Erratum, 1995,ibid.246,527; Y. Li and J. N. S. Evans, 1996,J. Magn. Reson. B111,296). The new sequence followed the supercycled concept proposed a decade ago for heteronuclear decoupling experiments. In this paper, more detailed experiments demonstrate that the claim of enhanced sensitivity was unfounded, and in fact the supercycle proposed differs little from the established XY-8 and XY-16 based supercycles.     

Comparison of heat flux in wild-type and genetically-engineered Chinese Hamster ovary cells

It is claimed, though not without dispute, that genetically engineered mammalian cells grow more slowly than their progenitor cells because the recombinant gene system causes a metabolic burden. This was found to be the case for CHO cells transfected with expression vectors forcytochrome b5. The slower growth was associated with lower metabolic activity measured by heat flux and mitochondrial activity (rhodamine 123 fluorescence). The calorimetric-respirometric ratio was similar for all cell types, implying that the greater fluxes of glucose and glutamine in the recombinant cells was channelled to biosynthesis. This demand probably restricted the supply of pyruvate to the mitochondria in these cells.The authors are grateful to the BBSRC for grant no. 2/3680 and to the University for support from the Senate Research Fund.     

Solubility of water in polyimides: Quartz crystal microbalance measurements

The solubility of water vapor in four different polyimides at 100% relative humidity and 22°C was measured by means of a quartz crystal microbalance system. The results confirm earlier conclusions that diffusion in these polymers is Fickian, and are sufficiently precise that the order of solubilities is unambiguous. The differences between the values are interpreted in terms of morphological variations rather than variations in chemical affinity for water. Diffusion coefficients are also reported.     

Preparation of highly dispersed MgO and its bactericidal properties

Samples of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared by a method involving separate nucleation and aging steps recently developed in our laboratory, using varying [ Mg²⁺] /[ Al³⁺] ratios and different aging conditions. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy and laser granulometry. The results showed that LDHs with different particle sizes could be obtained by controlling the reaction temperature and degree of supersaturation. Calcination of these materials affords mixtures of highly dispersed MgO and mixed metal oxides. Bactericidal experiments against Bacillus subtilis var. niger and Staphylococcus aureus were carried out using materials formed by calcination of the LDHs at 500 ^○C. The mechanism of bactericidal activity was also investigated. It is known that MgO is very readily hydrated and that reaction with dissolved oxygen affords superoxide anions O₂^-, which attack the secondary amide structure of proteins leading to destruction of the bacteria. The bactericidal activity of the MgO increases with specific surface area because this leads to an increased number of surface hydroxyl groups and higher concentrations of O₂^- in solution. The bactericidal ability of MgO therefore increases with decreasing particle size.     

The evaluation of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl alcohol as a combined antioxidant-tail-reducer for packed-column gas-liquid chromatography

Summary As an extension of previous work on the deactivation of diatomaceous supports by hydroxy compounds, 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl alcohol (HBBA) has been evaluated as a potential combined antioxidant tail-reducer. In contrast to diglycerol and the lower molecular weight polyoxyethylene glycols, HBBA is found to be an inefficient tail-reducer. The adsorption of HBBA from solution onto the surface of Phasesep P has been studied and possible explanations for the apparent lack of surface deactivation are offered. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for HBBA has been developed and used to monitor the adsorption of HBBA.     

Substituent effects on the chain‐transfer behavior of 7‐methylene‐2‐methyl‐1,5‐dithiacyclooctane in the presence of disulfides and thiols

The chain‐transfer behavior of 7‐methylene‐2‐methyl‐1,5‐dithiacyclooctane was investigated in the presence of four chain‐transfer agents: thiophenol (PhSH), thiobenzoic acid (BzSH), diphenyl disulfide (PhSSPh), and dibenzoyl disulfide (BzSSBz). The chain‐transfer constants for these compounds at 60 °C were 0.38 (PhSH), 0.76 (BzSH), 0.24 (PhSSPh), and 0.05 (BzSSBz). The variations in the thiol chain‐transfer constants could be explained in terms of the stability of the resulting radicals. The chain transfer to the disulfides, however, appeared to be determined by the electronic character of the disulfide bond, and this suggests that the transfer took place via an addition–fragmentation mechanism. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 4421–4425, 2002     

Comparative Studies of Phase-Cycling Schemes for Multiple π-Pulse Sequences

Recently, a new phase cycling scheme was introduced by this laboratory for use in biological solid-state NMR experiments involving multiple π-pulses with characteristics that suggested it may enhance the sensitivity of these kind of experiments (Y. Li and J. N. S. Evans, 1995,Chem. Phys. Lett.241,79 and Erratum, 1995,ibid.246,527; Y. Li and J. N. S. Evans, 1996,J. Magn. Reson. B111,296). The new sequence followed the supercycled concept proposed a decade ago for heteronuclear decoupling experiments. In this paper, more detailed experiments demonstrate that the claim of enhanced sensitivity was unfounded, and in fact the supercycle proposed differs little from the established XY-8 and XY-16 based supercycles.     

纳米小球掩模技术

介绍一种纳米小球掩模技术.给出了这种掩模技术的原理和实验方法,分析了这种掩模中存在的各种缺陷及其原因和改进方法.并纠正了早期工作中对一些现象的误解.以这种掩模技术给出的各种金属小岛作为研究手段,提出了薄膜岛状生长研究的一种新的思路.     

A new proof of local C1,α regularity for solutions of certain degenerate elliptic p.d.e.

We prove C_loc^1,α estimates for solutions u?W^{1,p + 2} of the degenerate elliptic p.d.e. $\text{div}\text{(¦Du¦}{}^{\mathrm{p}}\text{Du) = 0}$ (p > 0).     

Itinerant oscillation with a cosine potential

The equations of motion of the planar itinerant librator are extended to involve a cosine potential rather than a harmonic form for interaction, and are solved numerically to produce the angular velocity autocorrelation function and its Fourier transform (real and imaginary parts). The behaviour of the cosine potential is matched with that of the harmonic potential through these functions and in general conforms more closely to the indication of zero-THz spectroscopy and computer simulation.